Background: It has been suggested that deterioration of tuberculosis (TB) during appropriate treatment, termed a paradoxical reaction (PR), is more common and severe in HIV positive individuals on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Method: A study was undertaken to determine the frequency of PR and its associated features in a population of HIV+TB+ patients and a similar sized group ...

Background/aim. Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) infection can cause pulmonary and extrapulmonary (TB), resulted from hematogenous or lymphatic dissemination of the bacteria. Disseminated TB is characterized by presence two more non-contiguous sites spread. Dissemination to central nervous system (CNS TB) has several manifestations that devastating neurological complications. Severa...

BACKGROUND This study was carried out to determine the incidence and predictors of anti-tuberculosis drug induced hepatotoxicity among TB/HIV co-infected patients at Jimma University Hospital, Ethiopia. METHODS/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS A nested case-control study was conducted by reviewing charts of all TB/HIV co-infected patients who commenced anti-TB treatment from January 2008 to December 2011 a...

TOPIC: Chest Infections TYPE: Medical Student/Resident Case Reports INTRODUCTION: Diagnosis of disseminated tuberculosis can be challenging, as symptoms vary significantly and mimic other pathologies (1). Despite being rarely seen in pregnant or post-partum females, its high mortality morbidity warrant prompt diagnosis treatment with clinical suspicion. CASE PRESENTATION: The patient is a 20-ye...

Tuberculosis (TB) is still an important health problem worldwide. The estimated incidence is 4.6 cases of TB per 100,000 persons in the United States.1 According to the World Health Organization, the incidence of TB in Turkey is approximately 25–49 per 100,000 population.2 Generally, TB infects the lungs, but any organ system may be infected by TB.3 We report a case of disseminated TB in a 19-y...

tuberculosis (tb) is an important health problem in developing countries, with varying clinical presentations depending on the organs/systems involved. to study the spectrum of clinical and paraclinical aspects of extra pulmonary tb in children suffering from pulmonary tb. this study has been carried out on 65 children with tuberculosis, admitted in tb wards of national research institute of tu...

OBJECTIVE The detection of urinary lipoarabinomannan (LAM), a mycobacterial cell wall component, is used to diagnose tuberculosis (TB). How LAM enters the urine is not known. To investigate if urinary LAM-positivity is the result of renal TB infection we correlated the outcomes of urinary LAM-antigen testing to renal histology in an autopsy cohort of hospitalized, Ugandan, HIV-infected adults. ...

BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Childhood tuberculosis (TB) continues to be a major public health problem in Taiwan. Taiwan remains a highly endemic area despite neonatal Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination and the availability of anti-TB therapy. The presentation is highly variable and it is often difficult to make an accurate diagnosis. This study was designed to evaluate the demographic, clinical,...

Urinary lipoarabinomannan (LAM) detection is a promising approach for rapid diagnosis of active tuberculosis (TB). In microbiologically confirmed TB patients, quantitative LAM detection results increased progressively with bacillary burden and immunosuppression. Patients with disseminated TB and/or advanced HIV are target populations for whom urine LAM detection may be particularly useful.