This paper investigates the diverging incentives for product quality in a channel with two asymmetric retailers and a common supplier. When retailers differ in terms of service provision and channel power, changes in manufactured quality cause channel conflicts. In particular, our results show that if the low service retailer becomes dominant in the channel, it may induce a low level of quality...

A mathematical model is developed for viscous slip flow and heat transfer in water/Ethylene glycol-based nanofluids containing metallic oxide nanoparticles, through a converging/diverging channel. We adopt the single-phase Tiwari–Das model. The governing equations are transformed to set of similarity differential with help transformation, before being solved numerically using Maple 20. Validati...

Trunk trails, used by Pogonomyrmex barbatus and P. rugosus during foraging and homing, have the effect of avoiding aggressive confrontations between neighboring colonies of the same species. They channel the mass of foragers of hostile neighboring nests into diverging directions, before each ant pursues its individual foraging exploration. This channeling subtly partitions the foraging grounds ...

Extraordinary optical transmission spectrum for a two-dimensional metallic hole array (2D-MHA) changes with the hole channel shape. In this paper a new converging-diverging channel (CDC) shape is proposed. A three-dimensional (3D) finite element method is utilized to analyze the transmission characteristics of the 2D-MHA with CDC. The transmission peaks are blue-shifted when the gap at the thro...