intra-industry trade (iit) comprises of instantaneous imports and exports of goods and services which are handled in a same industry. the importance of iit between trading partners refers to those tradable products that provide them with diversity and high technology. to expand its foreign trade relations, iran indeed requires such trade patterns that include diversification of goods and servic...

agriculture has a key role to play in reducing poverty and hunger in many developing countries. about 75% of the world's poor live in rural areas and most are dependent on agriculture and related activities in the rural economy. for this reason the benefits for developing countries’ farmers have been shown to be substantial if oecd member countries reformed their agricultural policies. the issu...

We examine two important aspects of Australia’s terms of trade using 135 years of annual data up to 2003/04. Since Australia predominantly exports commodities and imports manufactures, the Prebisch-Singer hypothesis suggests that there should be a negative trend in the terms of trade. But the trend is no more than −0.1 per cent per annum, less than the trend decline in world commodity prices re...

No doubt that Nigeria’s mono-cultural commodity-petroleum has contributed tremendously to the Nigerian revenue sustainability and economic growth before its’ floundering occasioned by unstable global market volatile oil price; impact of COVID-19 pandemic in sector. Government acute attention petroleum commodity been detriment other sectors economy, already relegated background. The recent decli...

OBJECTIVE To assess the attitudes and behaviours of North Carolina tobacco farmers around crop diversification. DESIGN Cross-sectional telephone survey. PARTICIPANTS Active tobacco farmers in 14 North Carolina counties (n = 1236), interviewed between January and April 1997 (91% response rate). OUTCOME MEASURES Interest in, experience with, and perceived barriers to diversification. RESU...

today export diversification has become one of the most important economic objectives of development strategies in the developing countries. for various reasons, such as preventing instability in export prices of primary products in global markets, reducing fluctuations in exchanges of them compared with industrial goods, producing dynamic benefits resulted from exporting various goods and incr...

This study aims at analyzing the characteristics of the food need in the area of Jombang and Probolinggo regencies as well as developing a model of local superiority-based policy to achieve the food security. This study employs descriptive qualitative approach. This study is carried out in eight months in March to October 2015. The respondent of the study is the governmental staff of Jombang an...