Horn description logics (Horn-DLs) have recently started to attract attention due to the fact that their (worst-case) data complexities are in general lower than their overall (i.e. combined) complexities, which makes them attractive for reasoning with large ABoxes. However, the natural question whether Horn-DLs also provide advantages for TBox reasoning has hardly been addressed so far. In thi...

Description Logics (DLs) are the formalism underlying the standard web ontology language OWL 2. DLs have formal semantics which are the basis for powerful reasoning services. In this paper, we introduce the basic notions of DLs and the techniques that realize subsumption—the fundamental reasoning service of DL systems. We discuss two reasoning methods for this service: the tableau method for ex...

An endogenous digitalis-like substance (DLS) may be involved in the pathogenesis of essential hypertension and pre-eclampsia. The digoxin levels in maternal and cord blood of 504 randomly selected patients were determined. Since none of the patients received digoxin, these levels indicated a crossreacting substance (immunoreactive DLS). DLS levels were significantly higher in the cord blood of ...

Horn description logics (Horn-DLs) have recently started to attract attention due to the fact that their (worst-case) data complexities are in general lower than their overall (i.e. combined) complexities, which makes them attractive for reasoning with large ABoxes. However, the natural question whether Horn-DLs also provide advantages for TBox reasoning has hardly been addressed so far. In thi...

Classical Description Logics (DLs) are not suitable to represent vague pieces of information. The attempts to achieve a solution have lead to the birth of fuzzy DLs and rough DLs. In this work, we provide a simple solution to join these two formalisms and define a fuzzy rough DL. We also show how to extend two reasoning algorithms for fuzzy DLs, which are implemented in the fuzzy DL reasoners f...

Recently, the problem of representing uncertainty in Description Logics (DLs) has received an increasing attention. In probabilistic DLs, axioms contain numeric parameters that are often difficult to specify or to tune for a human. In this paper we present an approach for learning and tuning the parameters of probabilistic ontologies from data. The resulting algorithm, called EDGE, is targeted ...

PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to identify the influence of pelvic incidence (PI) on spinopelvic parameters in patients with degenerative lumbar scoliosis (DLS) and compare them with those of a normal population. METHODS There were two groups in this study. One group was composed by 136 patients with DLS and another was composed by 120 participants free of spinal disease. In each group...

biological systems provide many examples of specifically tailored, nanostructured molecules with highly optimized properties and characteristics. these biomaterials are composite materials and consist of an inorganic component and a special organic matrix. crystalline bacterial cell surface layers (s-layers( are the outermost cell envelope component of many eubacteria and archaea and are compos...

The dorsolateral striatum (DLS) is frequently implicated in sensory-motor integration, including the performance of sensory orienting responses (ORs) and learned stimulus-response habits. Our laboratory previously identified a role for the DLS in rats' performance of conditioned ORs to Pavlovian cues for food delivery. Here, we considered whether DLS is also critical to another aspect of attent...

We propose a family of probabilistic description logics (DLs) that are derived in a principled way from Halpern’s probabilistic first-order logic. The resulting probabilistic DLs have a two-dimensional semantics similar to temporal DLs and are well-suited for representing subjective probabilities. We carry out a detailed study of reasoning in the new family of logics, concentrating on probabili...