Experimental studies and density functional theory (DFT) computations suggest that oxygen and proton reduction by decamethylferrocene (DMFc) in 1,2-dichloroethane involves protonated DMFc, DMFcH(+), as an active intermediate species, producing hydrogen peroxide and hydrogen in aerobic and anaerobic conditions, respectively.

Pt-Ru supported on carbon nanotubes (CNTs) (single-walled nanotubes, double-walled nanotubes (DWNTs), and multi-walled nanotubes) catalysts are prepared by an ethylene glycol reduction method. Pt-Ru nanoparticles with a diameter of 2-3 nm and narrow particle size distributions are uniformly deposited onto the CNTs. A simple and fast filtration method followed by a hot-press film transfer is emp...

For automotive applications, it is necessary to maximize the fuel conversion efficiency of a PEM direct-methanol fuel cell (DMFC) over the broadest possible dynamic range of power. The research reported here critically examines the efficiency of the DMFC stack when operated over a broad power range. This research establishes a basis for a control strategy that simultaneously: optimizes DMFC fue...

If the eye-position signal during visually-evoked saccades is dependent on the dorsomedial frontal cortex (DMFC), one would expect that saccades generated to briefly presented visual targets would be disrupted after displacement of the eyes via electrical stimulation of this cortical area. Compared are compensatory saccades evoked to brief targets following stimulation of the DMFC and frontal e...

Direct-methanol fuel cell (DMFC) systems are comparatively simple, sometimes just requiring a cartridge and stack with appropriate control devices. The key challenge in these is the accurate determination of flow rates mixture methanol water, fundamental understanding can be gained by computational fluid dynamics. In this work, three-dimensional, steady-state, two-phase, multi-component non-iso...

Pt-Pd catalyst supported on nitrogen-doped carbon nanofiber (N-CNF) was prepared and evaluated as a cathode electrode of the direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC). The N-CNF, which was directly synthesized by the catalytic chemical vapor deposition from acetonitrile at 640 °C, was verified as having a change of electrochemical surface properties such as oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activities and...

PtRu/Ti anodes with varying Pt ratio Ru ratio were prepared by electrodeposition of a thin PtRu catalyst layer onto Ti mesh for a direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC). The morphology and structure of the catalyst layers were analyzed by SEM, EDX and XRD. The catalyst coating layer shows an alloy character. The relative activities of the PtRu/Ti electrodes were assessed and compared in half cell and...

This study presents a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model for modelling gas evolution and current distribution in a direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC). The improved two-phase model includes a new sub-model for estimating the interface mass transfer without empirical correlations. Simulation results in a horizontal channel of the DMFC agree with typical trends reported in the literature for b...

The dorsal medial frontal cortex (dMFC) is highly active during choice behavior. Though many models have been proposed to explain dMFC function, the conflict monitoring model is the most influential. It posits that dMFC is primarily involved in detecting interference between competing responses thus signaling the need for control. It accurately predicts increased neural activity and response ti...

In the past few years, the interest in the Direct Methanol Fuel Cell (DMFC) has increased dramatically, as it has very advantageous features as a mobile source of electrical energy. Its fuel methanol is easy to store and to handle and has a high energy density. These advantages over hydrogen-fed PEMFCs (polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells) have resulted in first commercial products (e.g. fr...