Campylobacter jejuni is the leading cause of bacterial gastroenteritis and chicken is considered a major reservoir and source of human campylobacteriosis. In this study, we investigated temporally related Finnish human (n=95), chicken (n=83) and swimming water (n=20) C. jejuni isolates collected during the seasonal peak in 2012 using multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and whole-genome MLST (wgML...

The purpose of this investigation was to study and compare the electrophoretic patterns of optic lensproteins of different species of domestic animals at pre- and post-natal ages. Optic lenses were removed from the embryo or adult sheep, cattle, goat, camel and chicken at the slaughter-house then homogenized and subjected to sodium dodecylsulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). I...

An outbreak of egg drop disease occurred in many chicken and goose farms in China in 2011. By using an NS5-specific reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR), we found that 56% of chicken and 38% of goose samples were positive for Tembusu-like virus (TMUV). Isolates showed high sequence homology to duck TMUVs, and chickens and geese showed signs of egg drop disease after experimental infection with du...

The chicken lysozyme gene encodes a hydrolase that has a key role in defence, especially in ovo. This gene was resequenced in global chicken populations [red, grey, Ceylon and green jungle fowl (JF)] and related bird species. Networks, summary statistics and tests of neutrality indicate that although there is extensive variation at the gene, little is present at coding sites, with the exception...

J subgroup avian leukosis virus (ALV-J) infects domestic chicken, jungle fowl, and turkey and enters the host cell through a receptor encoded by tvj locus and identified as Na+/H+ exchanger 1 (NHE1). The resistance to ALV-J in a great majority of examined galliform species was explained by deletions or substitutions of the critical tryptophan 38 in the first extracellular loop of NHE1, and gene...

One function of the gut microbiota gaining recent attention, especially in herbivorous mammals and insects, is the metabolism of plant secondary metabolites (PSMs). We investigated whether this function exists within the gut communities of a specialist avian herbivore. We sequenced the cecal metagenome of the Greater Sage-Grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus), which specializes on chemically defen...

We report the findings of a case-control study of risk factors for sporadic cases of human campylobacteriosis in Denmark. In 3 different analytical models, the main domestic risk factor identified was eating fresh, unfrozen chicken. Specifically, 28 of 74 domestically acquired case-patients were exposed to fresh chicken compared with 21 of 114 controls (multivariate matched odds ratio 5.8; 95% ...

The uropygial (preen) gland secretion of the domestic turkey resembles that of the chicken in consisting mainly of a diester wax. The esterified fatty acids are saturated; they include all members of the n-C(10)-C(20) homologous series, the C(17)-C(19) acids together accounting for 60% of the total. There are four major 2,3-n-alkanediols, C(19)-C(23), all having the erythro configuration as det...

Chicken is the most numerous among domesticated livestock species. Across cultures, religions, and societies, chicken widely accepted with little or no taboo compared to other domestic animals. Its adaptability diverse environmental conditions demonstrated potential for breeding improvement provide a unique genetic resource addressing challenges of food security in world impacted by climatic ch...