The biotic and abiotic: processes involved in the environmental degradation of freshwater ecosystems are often complex, and their combined effects are not easily measured. Many human activities across the landscape contribute to degradation, including discharge of domestic, agricultural, and industrial effluents; cultural eutrophication; acidification; erosion and sedimentation following human ...

In the last few years, a number of adsorption and ion exchange techniques have been developed to treat a wide range of domestic and industrial effluents containing heavy metals. Carbonaceous materials have been extensively used to remove a wide range of contaminants from wastewater, especially organic micropollutants, and to a lesser extent toxic heavy metals. Conventional granular activated ca...

Fecal wastes from domestic animals, wildlife and humans are applied to the soil surface and to varying extents are incorporated into the soil. These fecal wastes can also enter water systems by direct contamination of the water or through seepage or surface runoff. Humans contaminate water sources through poorly processed sewage effluents, malfunctioning septic tanks and seepage from sanitary l...

There is a lack of standardized acclimation procedures for evaluating treatability of different wastewaters, and such tests are often conducted using different types of microbial electrolysis cells (MECs). Two different types of MECs (mini or cube) were therefore acclimated using two different substrates (acetate or domestic wastewater) to see the impact of these procedures on the resulting tre...

The treatment of effluents requires new methodologies for the tailings. One option is use natural coagulants. Chitosan has amino groups in polymeric chains that allow it to act as a cationic polyelectrolyte and present high density charges, which are easily adsorbed on negatively charged surfaces, case most colloidal impurities water. Thus, this work used chitosan coagulation/flocculation proce...

BACKGROUND The aim of this research was to investigate oxidative stress and immune responses following a dietary polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) exposure in a marine bioindicator organism, the soft shell clam, Mya arenaria. Immune parameters in hemolymph (haemocyte number, efficiency of phagocytosis and haemocyte activity) and assessment of oxidative stress using catalase (CAT) activity a...

Pollution and increasing water demand, especially for agriculture, put severe stress on freshwater sources, as a result, there is progressive deficit in the global supply scarcity projected coming decades. Discharges from domestic, industrial agricultural activities are potential sources of pollution, impacting human environmental health. In face growing droughts, coupled with demand irrigation...