Self-actualization profiles were plotted for 265 college-age able-bodied male athletes and 30 elite cerebral palsied male athletes, M age = 24.9, all of whom were international competitors. These profies were examined in relation to one another and in relation to two normative groups, one consisting of adults and one consisting of college students. Results indicated that collegeage able-bodied ...

Objective: This study clarified bone turnover at different training intensities based on the annual schedule of a male college artistic gymnastics club. Methods: For 21 male college artistic gymnasts, bone metabolism markers (bone alkaline phosphatase (BAP), intact procollagen type 1 N-terminal propeptide (P1NP), bone-specific tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b (TRACP-5b), type I collagen c...

Social behavior can influence physiological systems dramatically yet the sensory cues responsible are not well understood. Behavior of male African cichlid fish, Astatotilapia burtoni, in their natural habitat suggests that visual cues from conspecifics contribute significantly to regulation of social behavior. Using a novel paradigm, we asked whether visual cues alone from a larger conspecific...

This study aimed to analyse the short-term performance effects of three in-season low-volume strength-training programmes in college male soccer players. Fifty-seven male college soccer players (age: 20.3±1.6 years) were randomly assigned to a resistance-training group (n=12), plyometric training group (n=12), complex training group (n=12), or a control group (n=21). In the mid-season, players ...

Previous studies have shown that female preferences for male pheromones depend on the female's reproductive condition and the dominance status of the male. However, it is unknown which olfactory system detects the odors that result in a preference for a dominant male. Therefore, in the present study, we asked whether dominant versus subordinate male urinary odors differentially activate the mai...