When food is plentiful, circadian rhythms of animals are powerfully entrained by the light-dark cycle. However, if animals have access to food only during their normal sleep cycle, they will shift most of their circadian rhythms to match the food availability. We studied the basis for entrainment of circadian rhythms by food and light in mice with targeted disruption of the clock gene Bmal1, wh...

Introduction: Arginine-phenylalanine-amide-related peptide-3 (RFRP-3) is an inhibitor of gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion and an appetizer. Kisspeptin is a stimulator of GnRH and a regulator of energy metabolism. The objectives of the present study were to compare the effect of long term malnutrition on expression of RFRP-3 mRNA in dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus (DMH) and KiSS-...

The comparative distributions of the vasopressin V1b receptor (V1bR) and the oxytocin receptor (OTR) messenger RNAs (mRNAs) are described in male rat brain using in situ hybridization histochemistry. V1bR transcripts were present in forebrain and hypothalamus and were less abundant in mid- and hindbrain regions, similar to the gradient observed with OTR transcripts. Microscopic analyses indicat...

Introduction: Arginine-phenylalanine-amide-related peptide-3 (RFRP-3) is an inhibitor of gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion and an appetizer. Kisspeptin is a stimulator of GnRH and a regulator of energy metabolism. The objectives of the present study were to compare the effect of long term malnutrition on expression of RFRP-3 mRNA in dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus (DMH) and Ki...

Background: Comparison of the effect of lactation on expression of RFRP-3 mRNA in dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus (DMH) and KiSS-1 mRNA in arcuate nucleus (ARC) of hypothalamus in lactating and nonlactating rat Materials and Methods: Fourteen rats of the Sprague- Dawley strain were randomly allotted into three groups. The non-lactating rats (n=5) were separated from their pups immediately upon...

Accumulating evidence implicates the dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus (DMH) in the regulation of autonomic and neuroendocrine stress responses. However, although projections from the DMH to the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus (PVN), which is the critical site of the neuroendocrine stress axis, have been described, the impact of DMH neurones in the modulation of hypothalamic-pituitary-adren...

The present study analyzed changes in the expression of RFamide-related peptide-3 (RFRP-3; a mammalian ortholog of avian gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone), in the brain and correlated it with testicular activity of mice of different age groups (day-old, 1-, 3-, 5-, 7-, 9-, 11-, 13-week and 1.5-year-old). Testicular activity after a progressive increase up to 13-week of age declined in the old mi...

Afferent fibers from the amygdala to subdivisions of lateral, ventromedial and dorsomedial hypothalamic nuclei were investigated in rat by retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase. Small (intranuclear size) peroxidase deposits were placed in hypothalamic nuclei by iontophoresis of a tracer solution containing poly-L-alpha-ornithine which greatly limited diffusion. The medial, central and ...

Median eminence and ventromedial hypothalamus have in the past been the principal foci of research in neuroendocrine and neurovisceral control mechanisms. The present report provides an overview of work involving the dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus (DMV). This structure is located dorsal to the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus (VMN) to the plane of the dorsal premammillary nucleus. Fibers fro...