Consider the 3×3 square consisting of nine variables x1,x2, . . . ,x9 as in Figure 2.1. The variables take values from {±1}. Each row and column corresponds to a constraint as follows. For the last column on the doubled line, the constraint is that the three variables of the column have product −1. For the other rows and columns with single lines, the constraints are that the variables on them ...

A building design of vertical axis wind turbines (VAWT) was presented in the article. The construction and operating principle of a wind turbine were described therein. Two VAWT turbine models were compared, i.a. Darrieus and Lenz2, taking their strengths and weaknesses into consideration. 3D solid models of turbine components were presented with the use of SolidWorks software. Using CFD method...

plant dry matter accumulation has a linear relation with accumulative photosynthetically active radiation (par). intercropping could be a strategy for increasing light absorption in agronomic systems and it may improve radiation use efficiency (rue). thus this study was conducted in order to evaluate radiation absorption and use efficiency in potato (solanum tuberosum l.) –corn (zea mays l.) in...

One well-known obstacle facing most sources of renewable energy is the significantly decreased energy density with respect to fossil fuels. Energy density of wind power is further penalized by the need for wind turbines to be spaced far enough apart to not interfere with one another. Conventional horizontal axis wind turbines (HAWTs) must be spaced far apart [3–5 turbine diameters in the crossw...

The present paper aims at describing and comparing different small Vertical Axis Wind Turbine (VAWT) architectures, in terms of performance and loads. These characteristics can be highlighted by resorting to the Blade Element-Momentum (BE-M) model, commonly adopted for rotor pre-design and controller assessment. After validating the model with experimental data, the paper focuses on the analysi...

The moving surface boundary-layer control method (MSBC) is a kind of active flow methods that overcomes the adverse pressure gradient and suppresses separation by directly energizing boundary layer near surface. In this study, computational fluid dynamics simulations were performed to investigate feasibility using MSBC improve aerodynamic performance straight-bladed H-Darrieus vertical axis win...

The reduction of row spacing and increase crop population density are important tools for maximizing yield. For this strategy to be effective, the should not create intraspecific competition that penalizes Thus, planting arrangements light interception throughout canopy without increasing might needed maintain In study, heterogeneous on evenly spaced rows were analyzed maize (Zea mays L.), cott...

The Vertical Axis Wind Turbine (VAWT) is a promising technology for energy harvesting in complex environments, including Floating Offshore Turbines (FOWT), which experience aerodynamic complexity due to the platform motion. typical large-scale of FOWTs makes troposkien design, unique VAWT configuration suitable such applications. In this paper, we propose an experimental and numerical study on ...

We describe a static aperture-coded, dispersive longwave infrared (LWIR) spectrometer that uses a microbolometer array at the detector plane. The two-dimensional aperture code is based on a row-doubled Hadamard mask with transmissive and opaque openings. The independent column code nature of the matrix makes for a mathematically well-defined pattern that spatially and spectrally maps the source...