<p>The robust reaching law based sliding mode control is used for chattering suppression, minimization of steady state error and speed kept minimized. With fine tuning parameters law, the reaches equilibrium point at earliest. The stability proposed analyzed. In one hand, they guarantee system reach face rapidly stay on it, in another way decline effectively, even unmatched certainties di...

This paper proposes a novel technique for solving generation scheduling and ramp rate constrained unit commitment. A modified objective function associated with a new start-up cost term is introduced in this paper. The proposed method is used to solve generating scheduling problem satisfying SRR, minimum up and down time as well as ramp rate constraints. Two case studies are conducted to imp...

in this research, a first order markov chain model was applied to simulate soil salinity in nine standard depths and 10 classes in the cultivated pistachio areas of ardakan city. transition probability matrix, kernel and uniform distribution were used to simulate 500000 soil profiles. results indicate kernel function could reproduce soil salinity values with statistical criteria (i.e. mean, sta...

Knowledge is becoming increasingly recognized as a valuable resource. Given its importance it is surprising that expert systems technology has not become a more common means of utilizing knowledge. In this chapter we review some of the history of expert systems, the shortcomings of first generation expert systems, current approaches and future decisions. In particular we consider a knowledge ac...

In this paper, we are going to use a practical approach of uniform down sampling in image space and yet making the sampling adaptive by spatially varying, directional low-pass pre-filtering. The resulting down-sampled pre-filtered image remains a conventional square sample grid, and, thus, it can be compressed and transmitted without any change to current image coding standards and systems. The...