The process of drug delivery and disposition in the modern scientific aspect is very complex. Advances in many fields are converging to make the commercialisation of advanced drug delivery concepts possible. It integrates many disciplines, including biotechnology, medicine and pharmacology. Innovative devices should protect labile active ingredients, precisely control drug release kinetics and ...

This white paper addresses current approaches and knowledge gaps concerning methods to assess the role of transport proteins in drug/metabolite disposition in humans. The discussion focuses on in vitro tools to address key questions in drug development, including vesicle- and cell-based systems. How these methods can be used to assess the liability of compounds for transporter-based drug-drug i...

One of the most challenging research areas in pharmacology in the new millennium is to understand why individuals respond differently to drug therapy and to what extent that individual variability in disposition is responsible for the observed differences in therapeutic efficacy and adverse reactions. To answer these complex questions, drug-metabolism research will rely on multidisciplinary app...

The role of microsomal cytochrome b5 (Cyb5) in defining the rate of drug metabolism and disposition has been intensely debated for several decades. Recently we described mouse models involving the hepatic or global deletion of Cyb5, demonstrating its central role in in vivo drug disposition. We have now used the cytochrome b5 complete null (BCN) model to determine the role of Cyb5 in the metabo...

The Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS) was developed for prediction of in vivo pharmacokinetic performance of drug products from measurements of permeability and solubility. If the permeability criteria changed with metabolism criteria than it may be useful in predicting overall drug disposition, including routes of drug elimination and the effects of efflux and absorptive transporter...

A model checking technique to specify and verify temporal properties of drug disposition changes is proposed. In pharmacokinetics and pharmaceutics, drug kinetics is often modeled as single or multiple compartment models. In this paper, a probabilistic temporal logic, called iLTL, is introduced to specify many interesting properties of drug kinetics. Given a specification, a computerized techni...