Singapore’s limited resources have caused severe labor shortage and brought adverse impact on the construction industry. Prefabrication, the crucial part of the integrated construction automation processes, has appeared to be the ideal and most practical way to sustain the long-standing strategy of reducing the reliance on labor resource. In this paper, the potential of prefabrication in resolv...

In this paper, we discuss co-operative product development across firm boundaries. Firstly, we discuss reasons why innovation may beneficially be co-ordinated among firms, and we provide some empirical evidence for the existence and significance of the phenomenon. Secondly, we discuss the relevance of co-operative innovation for the construction industry which, at present, is characterised by l...

Real-time events extremely disrupt the integrity of project schedules. The presence and implementation of a predefined Dynamic Scheduling strategy to mitigate these disruptions is a must for the successful implementation of projects planning. Despite of the wide practical applications of dynamic scheduling in various industries, especially manufacturing and computer engineering, there is a gap ...

We report herein the concise preparation of a range of functionalised aminoindoles via a new application of the Bartoli reaction. Scope and limitations of the methodology have been extensively studied to reveal the importance of protecting groups and substitution patterns. The use of amino substituted nitroanilines for the Bartoli reaction is to our knowledge unprecedented. Our work thus repres...

This paper provides empirical evidence on the determinants of foreign ownership in manufacturing industries. Foreign ownership, according to the theory of international production, is the result of the combination of comparative and competitive advantage. An adequate examination of the ownership structure of an industry requires the ability to establish empirically the extent to which internati...

As Dr. Joel Lexchin makes painfully obvious in this issue (see pages 351 to 356), regulatory processes governing pharmaceutical advertising in Canada and elsewhere are seriously compromised. However, the remedial measures Lexchin proposes are not sufficient. Financial sanctions against improper advertising are likely to be regarded by manufacturers as the cost of doing business, and any regulat...

Calls are increasing for manufacturers to provide evidence of comparative efficacy of new drugs at the time of regulatory approval. However, drug manufacturers maintain that doing so would create unrealistically high barriers for market entry and deter innovation. At a time of a perceived productivity crisis in the drug industry, many claim that stricter market authorisation regulation will be ...

nitrofurazone is one of the antibacterial nitrofuran agents used topically for skin infections. the drug is effective on the majority of infectious microorganisms. because of the importance of this drug in clinic, in this study various methods of synthesis of nitrofurazone were examined and the most appropriate method, applicable to pharmaceutical industry was chosen and optimized from the poin...