Mazeyar Parvinzadeh Gashti1, Julie Willoughby2 and Pramod Agrawal3,4 1Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Bern 2Fiber and Polymer Science Program, Department of Textiles Engineering, Chemistry and Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh NC, 3Engineering of Fibrous Smart Materials, Department of Engineering Technology, University of Twente, Enschede, 4Knowledg...

1.1 Dyeing auxiliaries Auxiliaries are compounds which are not an integral part of the dyeing process but by adding them to the dye bath the dyeing can be improved. The main functions of auxiliaries are to prepare or improve the substrate in readiness for colorants (by wetting, providing sorption sites, improving or resisting the migration of dyes), to stabilize the application media (by improv...