Methods The secondary data on infant mortality was obtained on countries in Eastern Africa, Western Europe and Southern Asian countries between 1950 and 2010 expressed as deaths per 1,000 births. Countries in Western Europe were used for comparison purposes. The data also included inpatients (admissions and deaths in 2007) of water-related diseases such as malaria and diarrhoea, in Eastern Afri...

Many cases of intercontinental disjunct distributions of seed plants have been investigated, however few have concerned the continents of Eurasia (mainly Central Asia), Africa, and Australia, especially the xerophytic lineages are lacking. Nitraria (Nitrariaceae) is just one of these xerophytic lineages. Previous Nitraria studies have hypothesized either Africa as the ancient center, with dispe...

Countries in eastern Africa have set aside significant proportions of their land for protection. But are these areas representative of the diverse range of species and habitats found in the region? And do conservation efforts include areas where the state of biodiversity is likely to deteriorate without further interventions? Various studies have addressed these questions at global and continen...

Eastern Africa, which comprises Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, South Sudan, Sudan, Tanzania and Uganda, has the highest burden of trachoma in the world. In sub-Saharan Africa, there are 1,274 districts known to be endemic for trachoma (i.e., the incidence of trachomatous inflammation – follicular (TF) is > 5%). Of these, 769 are found within the seven Eastern African countries, which represents over...

www.sciencemag.org (this information is current as of June 5, 2007 ): The following resources related to this article are available online at http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/313/5792/1419 version of this article at: including high-resolution figures, can be found in the online Updated information and services, http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/313/5792/1419/DC1 can be found ...

BACKGROUND Estimates of sexually transmitted infection (STI) prevalence are essential for efforts to prevent and control STIs. Few large STI prevalence studies exist, especially for low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Our primary objective was to estimate the prevalence of chlamydia, gonorrhea, trichomoniasis, syphilis, herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2), and bacterial vaginosis (BV) amo...

Abstract Introduction Regional geology of eastern Africa Rukwa Rift Basin Rift stratigraphy, sedimentation and palaeontology Volcanism and geochronology Provenance, drainage patterns and uplift Methods References Acknowledgements Author information Supplementary informationIntroduction Regional geology of eastern Africa Rukwa Rift Basin Rift stratigraphy, sedimentation and palaeontology Volcani...

Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP) is one of the major threats to cattle health and production in Africa. This article reviews the clinical manifestations, lesions and epidemiology of the disease. The clinical manifestations and lesions are typical and are no different in Africa from those seen in other countries. CBPP is a respiratory disease characterised by pneumonia and serofibrinous ...

The emergence of more refined chronologies for climate change and archaeology in prehistoric Africa, and for the evolution of human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), now make it feasible to test more sophisticated models of early modern human dispersals suggested by mtDNA distributions. Here we have generated 42 novel whole-mtDNA genomes belonging to haplogroup L0, the most divergent clade in the mate...

Although many studies have documented the effect of glaciation on the evolutionary history of Northern Hemisphere flora and fauna, this study is the first to investigate how the indirect aridification of Africa caused by global cooling in response to glacial cycles at higher latitudes has influenced the evolutionary history of an African montane bird. Mitochondrial DNA sequences from the NADH 3...