The aim of study was to determine the energy requirements for maintenance and growth of forty-one Saanen, intact male kids with initial body weight (BW) of 5.12±0.19 kg. The baseline (BL) group consisted of eight kids averaging 5.46±0.18 kg BW. An intermediate group consisted of six kids, fed for ad libitum intake, that were slaughtered when they reached an average BW of 12.9±0.29 kg. The remai...

OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence of excess body weight and abdominal obesity and assess the association with socioeconomic, demographic and behavioral factors among adults of Maranhão, Brazil. METHODS Multistage cluster sample investigated through a household survey on 1,005 adults aged 20 to 59 years (393 men and 612 women). Anthropometric measures: weight, height and waist circumferenc...

Coupling to the electron Bernstein wave (EBW) via a phased array of waveguides is experimentally investigated in the Madison symmetric torus reversed field pinch (RFP). EBWs promise to provide localized heating and current drive in overdense plasmas such as those in the RFP, provided a technique can be developed to efficiently couple power from an externally launched electromagnetic wave to the...

In this paper, we consider a generalization of the state-of-art discriminative method for optimizing the conditional likelihood in Hidden Markov Models (HMMs), called the Extended Baum-Welch (EBW) algorithm, that has had significant impact on the speech recognition community. We propose a generalized form of EBW update rules that can be associated with a weighted sum of updated and initial mode...

In a sheep production system, effects of body composition on nutrient requirements for maintenance, tissue deposition and lean meat production may be important. Composition of body fractions differing in expected metabolic activity was measured for 12 nonpregnant, nonlactating, 3to 4-yr-old ewes from each of seven breeds representing diverse body size and performance characteristics. Half the e...

BACKGROUND Current guidelines for nutritional rehabilitation in hospitalized restrictive eating disorder patients recommend a cautious approach to refeeding. Several studies suggest that higher calorie diets may be safe and effective, but have traditionally excluded severely malnourished patients. The goal of this study was to evaluate the safety of a higher calorie nutritional rehabilitation p...

For adolescents with anorexia nervosa (AN), weight restoration is a key goal of treatment. Thus, determining an accurate estimated body (EBW) critical. In the past, researchers have used median BMI (mBMI) to determine patients’ EBW. However, wide range normal growth trajectories means that individual charts should be considered when patients atypical (AAN), using historical records may even mor...

Physical maturation of the ruminal epithelium has previously been linked to ruminal production of VFA following the initiation of solid feed intake. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of VFA administration and energy intake on sheep gastrointestinal development. Twelve lambs were removed from their dams at birth and trained to nurse on nipple buckets. All lambs consumed milk until ...

Twenty one multiparous, nonpregnant, lactating dairy cows were used to assess the impact of stage of lactation on visceral tissue mass and small intestinal cell proliferation. Cows were slaughtered at each of 4 stages of lactation: 14, 90, 120, and 240 d of lactation. With stage of lactation, DMI increased through d 90 and thereafter remained similar through d 240 (quadratic). Carcass weight an...

Developing effective selection programs for improving the performance of livestock requires taking the economical selection indices into account. The present study was performed for comparing four selection indices developed in Kermani sheep through simulated data. The relative importance of traits was determined based on the estimated economic values and consequently, the most beneficial trait...