Echinochloa spp. are the most important weeds in rice fields. In this research Fusarium equiseti and Colletotrichum graminicola were isolated from these weeds and then their pathogenicity effects were compared on these weeds and five rice cultivars in a completely random design with three replications in greenhouse conditions. Fungi were inoculated on weeds and rice cultivars using a spore susp...

Crop productivity is largely affected by abiotic factors such as flooding and by biotic factors such as weeds. Although flooding after direct seeding of rice helps suppress weeds, it also can adversely affects germination and growth of rice, resulting in poor crop establishment. Barnyard grasses (Echinochloa spp.) are among the most widespread weeds affecting rice, especially under direct seedi...

When seeds of Echinochloa crusgalli var. oryzicola are germinated in dark anaerobic conditions (99.995% N(2)), the seedlings do not have detectable protochlorophyll(ide). Two hours after exposure to light aerobic conditions, they begin to synthesize chlorophyll. The lag in greening is shorter in seedlings exposed to light for 24 hours before exposure to air. Seedlings maintained in light anaero...

Enolase (2-phospho-o-glycerate hydrolase, EC 4.2.1.1 1 ) has been identified as an anaerobic stress protein in Echinochloa oryzoides based on the homology of i ts interna1 amino acid sequence with those of enolases from other organisms, by immunological reactivity, and induction of catalytic activity during anaerobic stress. Enolase activity was induced 5-fold in anoxically treated seedlings of...

We have isolated five endophytic fungi from the roots of Capsicum annuum, Cucumis sativus and Glycine max. The culture filtrates (CF) of these endophytes were screened on dwarf mutant rice (Waito-C) and normal rice (Dongjin-byeo). Endophyte CAC-1A significantly inhibited the growth of Waito-C and Dongjin-byeo. Endophyte CAC-1A was identified as Paraconiothyrium sp. by sequencing the ITS rDNA re...