Sustainability has become a very prominent element in the day-to-day debate on urban policy and the expression of that policy in urban planning decisions. The heritage of this interest lies in the steady evolution of ideas concerning the environmental and ecological impact of economic development. Beginning perhaps with the work of the Club of Rome but accelerating sharply with the insights of ...

Acommon thread in the economic sanctions literature is the assumption that multilateral cooperation among the potential sanctioning states is a necessary and/or sufficient condition for generating a successful outcome.1 Indeed, obtaining multilateral cooperation is so important that some scholars make this their dependent variable. Some of the more sophisticated work on economic coercion has fo...

background it has been shown that trend of achieving to millennium development goal 4 (mdg 4), varies by region and between countries, indicating the possibility of existing different barriers and/or facilitators. objectives this study aimed to evaluate the trend of under five mortality rate (u5mr), and infant mortality rate (imr) and explore the main challenges to reach mdg 4 by 2015. patients...

following collapse of the soviet :union:, regional integration has been regarded as one of the requirements that need to be met by various regions wishing to be a part of globalization process. the eco region, particularly countries in central asia and the caucasus are not an exception. nevertheless, this region has been faced with some integration challenges. employing an analytical-descriptiv...

 Developing countries stand to gain from South-South cooperation in particular when confronting a common problem, even if the countries concerned are at different stages in tackling the problem.  Because of the growing economic diversity and vast difference in the size of the countries of the South, no standard models of South-South cooperation have emerged. Some of these countries – notably ...