This entry reviews planning models as applied to developing countries. Aggregative, sectoral and project appraisal techniques are discussed. It is seen that while there was signi…cant progress in the post-war period in devising sophisticated techniques, the ascendancy of market friendly reforms in the recent era has emphaized the use of dynamic and computable general equilibrium models. Many of...

The word ‘planning’ is often used to denote the technical elaboration of the means needed for the implementation of a policy which is considered as already given. This use of the word, however, obscures an important element in the concept of planning: far from being given a priori, an economic policy needs itself to be planned or, shall we say, designed. Some of the principal problems connected...

The economic growth in the Jordanian market led multiple business owners to refer to information technology in general and Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) in particular, in order to improve their business aspects, flow of information and customer satisfaction. Researchers have been studying the use of ERP systems for many years, and have stated its many advantages and disadvantage. They have...

Executive Summary Introduction Much recent planning policy and reform has been informed by the view that planning inhibits economic growth. value of planning, focusing primarily on economic and financial value, while recognising the importance of broader social and environmental value. Remarkably, given the debates around planning reform in the UK, it represents the only recent and wide-ranging...

The United Nations has defined the inclusive community as “...promoting growth with equity, a place where everyone, regardless of their economic means, gender, race, ethnicity or religion, is enabled and empowered to fully participate in the social, economic and political opportunities that cities have to offer”. In this paper, the concept of walkability is viewed as an important tool towards t...

‘Green’ spaces might be very attractive, but where are the economic benefits? What value do nature and landscape have for us? What difference will it make to jobs, health and the economic strength of areas struggling with deprivation and social problems? [1].There is a need to consider green spaces from a different perspective. Green planning is not just about flora and fauna, but also about pl...

Local economic development (LED) should be everybody’s business, including local residents, local business people and government. LED is globally, but especially in developing countries, seen as the solution to improved quality of life, unemployment, poverty and inequality. LED is a relatively new field of research and policy formulation, planning processes and implementation plans are still ev...