Currently the UK national breast screening programme only offers routine screening to women aged between 50 and 64. Whilst there are good clinical and economic reasons for not screening younger women, there is no compelling argument for not extending routine screening to older women. In this paper, we show that by diverting screening resources to older women, where cancer is more prevalent, mor...

Water rates are designed to meet multiple objectives, typically resulting in tradeoffs among the objectives of economic efficiency, revenue sufficiency, and related revenue stability. Standard theory of natural monopoly is extended here to explain why long-run marginal cost (LMC) can be greater than both average cost and short-run marginal cost (SMC) for municipal water utilities. The distincti...

nicotine-based ionic liquid has been used as a green catalyst for pyridine-catalyzed huisgen reaction. it promoted addition of dimethylacetylenedicarboxylate to aldehydes or n-tosyl imines leading to efficient synthesis of 2-benzoylfumarates and 1-azadienes respectively under pyridine free odorless ionic liquid conditions. the improved results were obtained in terms of enhanced yields, with min...

Symbiosis between leguminous plants and soil bacteria, commonly referred to as rhizobia, is of considerable economic importance, in low input sustainable agriculture, agroforestry and land reclamation, besides being eco-friendly. In the era of development and commercialization of bioinoculant technology for sustainable agriculture development, rhizobial inoculants have been targetted as potenti...

During present investigation, bacterial strains were isolated from rhizosphere of healthy and infected fields of maize grown at Yousafwalla, Pakistan. Fourteen isolates were screened for their antibacterial and antifungal activities. Three isolates showed the antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus subtilis. Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae were found t...

The ionic liquid, N,N,N,N-tetramethylguanidiniumtriflate (TMGTf) was found to be an efficient catalyst solvent for Henry reaction between nitromethane and isatin derivatives to provide 3-hydroxy-3-(nitromethyl)indolin-2-one under mild conditions. The ionic liquid amenable to successive recycling without appreciable decrease in activity. Synthesized compounds have been screened for their anti-di...

The growing necessity for energy worldwide has led to the hunt an interminable solution in form of sustainable generation. To accomplish sustainability, these problems can be resolved using renewable waste biomass, which is readily accessible and low priced. Moreover, ecological issue due disposal this biomass into environment also counteracted by use generation along with substantial solid red...