The edit distance between two words w1, w2 is the minimal number of word operations (letter insertions, deletions, and substitutions) necessary to transform w1 to w2. The edit distance generalizes to languages L1,L2, where the edit distance is the minimal number k such that for every word from L1 there exists a word in L2 with edit distance at most k. We study the edit distance computation prob...

The guided tree edit distance problem is to find a minimum cost series of edit operations that transforms two input forests F and G into isomorphic forests F ′ and G′ such that a third input forest H is included in F ′ (and G′). The edit operations are relabeling a vertex and deleting a vertex. We show efficient algorithms for this problem that are faster than the previous algorithm for this pr...

Science process skill is important to students when they are learning sciences. We have built a story-based virtual experiment environment in Physics to train student’s science process skills. However, the teacher currently doesn’t know how the students’ science process skills are while they are using the virtual experiment environment. For this reason, this research tries to apply the graph ed...

We survey the problem of comparing labeled trees based on simple local operations of deleting, inserting, and relabeling nodes. These operations lead to the tree edit distance, alignment distance, and inclusion problem. For each problem we review the results available and present, in detail, one or more of the central algorithms for solving the problem. keywords tree matching, edit distance

Functions counting the number of common sub-patterns between trees have been promising candidates for kernel functions for trees in learning systems. There are several viewpoints of how two patterns between two trees can be regarded as the same. In the tree edit distance, these viewpoints have been well formalized as the class of tree mappings, and several distance measures have been proposed a...

Spend your few moment to read a book even only few pages. Reading book is not obligation and force for everybody. When you don't want to read, you can get punishment from the publisher. Read a book becomes a choice of your different characteristics. Many people with reading habit will always be enjoyable to read, or on the contrary. For some reasons, this bridging the gap between graph edit dis...

In this paper the strong causality of program tree representations is considered. A quantitative, probabilis-tic causality measure is used in contrast to statistical tness landscape analysis methods. Although it fails to rank diierent problems according to their diiculty, it is helpful to choose the right coding for a given task. The investigation utilizes a metric on the search space called tr...