In high temperature SU(2) gluodynamics, the condensation of zero component gauge field potential A_0 =const and its gauge-fixing dependence are investigated. is mutually related with Polyakov's loop . The two-loop effective W(A_0,xi) recalculated in background relativistic R_xi gauge. It depends on parameter xi, has a nontrivial minimum satisfies Nielsen's identity. These signs mean invarian...

Parameter extraction of the photovoltaic cell is a highly nonlinear complex optimization problem. This article proposes new hybrid version whale and particle swarm algorithm to optimize parameters. The exploitation ability with adaptive weight function implemented in pipeline mode improve its capability convergence speed. performance proposed compared six different algorithms terms root mean sq...