Since its …rst introduction many suggestions have been proposed for the generalization of Black and Scholes option pricing model (Black and Scholes, 1973). One of the most widely spread approaches is allowing for random volatility of the underlying stock price process as in the seminal papers by Hull and White (1987), Scott (1987), Wiggins (1987), Stein and Stein (1991) and Heston (1993). A com...

Abstract Based on the coupling res model of vehicular and road, influences surface layer modulus, thickness equivalent modulus elasticity spectrum acceleration, deflection under wheels, strain at distance 0.4 m to 0.8 away from wheels are analyzed. Results show that fundamental frequency road pavement increases with growth elasticity, decreases increase thickness. Both deflections strains decre...

This study aims to understand the dynamics of aggregate and sectorial employment elasticity output growth in Kazakhstan economy from 1996 2019. To serve our purpose, a rolling regression method with window 6 years has been used estimate sectoral elasticity, an ARDL bounds testing approach incorporated assess impact various macroeconomics determinants. The results indicate existence cointegratio...

The elastic properties of earlywood and latewood and their variability were measured in 388 specimens from six loblolly pine trees in a commercial plantation. Properties measured included longitudinal modulus of elasticity, shear modulus, specific gravity, microfibril angle and presence of compression wood. Novel testing procedures were developed to measure properties from specimens of 1 mm=1 m...

A biphasic mixture model is developed that can account for the observed tension-compression nonlinearity of cartilage by employing the continuum-based Conewise Linear Elasticity (CLE) model of Curnier et al. (J. Elasticity, 37, 1-38, 1995) to describe the solid phase of the mixture. In this first investigation, the orthotropic octantwise linear elasticity model was reduced to the more specializ...

Descriptions of the mechanical behaviors of articular cartilage and their correlations with collagen, proteoglycan, water, and ions are summarized, with particular emphasis on understanding the osmotic effect inside the tissue. First, a descriptive explanation is presented of the biphasic theory required to understand how interstitial water contributes toward the viscoelastic behavior of any hy...