Under conventional models, subsidizing energy efficiency requires electricity to be priced below marginal cost. Its benefits increase when electricity prices increase to finance the subsidy. With high prices, subsidies are counterproductive unless consumers fail to make efficiency investments when private benefits exceed costs. If the gain from adopting efficiency is only reduced electricity sp...

A progressive agriculture serves as a powerful engine of economic growth of any country. It helps in initiating and sustaining the development of other sectors of the economy. In view of this, after independence the Government of India adopted a positive approach and specific programmes like new agriculture technology were introduced. Indian farmers being poor were not in a position to buy thes...

The mechanism of support schemes for achieving the required share of renewable energy sources (RES) was implemented into the energy sector. The issued amount of support requires state subsidies. The end-users of electricity are paying the mandatory procurement component taxes to cover these subsidies. The article examines the way of minimizing the influence of the existing RES supporting scheme...

Electricity subsidies in Indonesia remain high and tend to increase. Existing studies generally propose electricity subsidy reform through economic price adjustment; however, this option potentially arises political social conflicts. The government the State Company have also undertaken several measures decrease supply costs but those ineffective due increasing energy prices needed as fuels for...

The implementation of a CO2 emissions control scheme, either a cap-and-trade program with auctioned permits or a carbon tax, will provide the government with an important new source of revenue. Several economists advocate for the redistribution of this carbon revenue i.e., for the emissions control schemes to be revenue neutral. In this paper, we present an optimization model to obtain redistri...

Over the last 10 years, the solar photovoltaic (PV) market has experienced tremendous growth due in part to government incentive programs. This paper estimates a dynamic model to understand the impact of these programs on residential solar installations and evaluates the impact of alternative incentive policies. The model separately evaluates the effect of up-front subsidies, tax credits and pr...

The governments of nearly all industrialised countries use subsidies to support the economic development of specific sectors or regions with high rates of unemployment. Conventional economic wisdom would suggest that the most efficient way to support these regions or sectors is to pay employment subsidies. We present evidence showing that capital subsidies are empirically much more important th...

Renewable energy subsidies in the form of feed-in tariffs implicitly give investors the possibility to shut down their renewable power plants temporarily or permanently. This real option is especially valuable for electricity from biomass, an important pillar of European renewable energy goals. The shut-down option is similar to a put on agricultural commodity prices, while the costs and benefi...

Methane emissions from municipal landfills represent 3% of the total United States greenhouse gas emissions that contribute to climate change. These methane emissions can be released to the air or collected and flared. This landfill gas also has the potential to be used to generate electricity. In 1994,the Environmental Protection Agency(EPA) created the Landfill Methane Outreach Program, with ...