Joseph Halpern and Judea Pearl ([2005]) draw upon structural equation models to develop an attractive analysis of 'actual cause'. Their analysis is designed for the case of deterministic causation. I show that their account can be naturally extended to provide an elegant treatment of probabilistic causation. 1Introduction2Preemption3Structural Equation Models4The Halpern and Pearl Definition of...

We describe a method for mapping the functional regions of the brain using a transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) device. This device, when placed on a subject's scalp, stimulates the underlying neurons by generating focused magnetic eld pulses. A brain mapping is then generated by measuring responses of di erent motor and sensory functions to this stimulation. The key process in generating ...

Elegance is a prized quality in science that is associated with simplicity and explanatory power. This essay considers the qualities that make a scientific model, experiment, method, or theory "elegant," with a focus on the life sciences. We propose a definition of elegance that includes clarity, cleverness, correctness, explanatory power, parsimony, and beauty. The pursuit of elegance can impr...

reproduction and fertility are one of the principles marital life. actually it can be said that the most important thing after survival is continued generation. the aim of this research was to determine the effects of mental health in womens of fertile and infertile. this research was performed at kowsar infertility clinic in tehran city. the scale ghq28 was used for this evaluate. this scale w...

Goldin argues that the most significant change in labor markets over the past century was the increased participation of women in the labor market. Figure 1 summarizes historical trends in mens' and womens' labor force participation.

BACKGROUND Racial disparities in birth outcomes persist in North Carolina and the United States. We examined patterns of birth outcomes and womens health measures in North Carolina by race and age to portray the largest disparities. We wanted to see if our data were consistent with the "weathering hypothesis," which holds that the health of African American women may begin to deteriorate in ear...