Wing geometric parameters govern the aerodynamic performance of insects and micro aerial vehicles. Previous studies of wing shapes have been limited to rigid wings. The aerodynamic hovering performance of rigid and flexible wing shapes for aspect ratio AR = 1.5 is evaluated computationally at the Reynolds number (Re) of 400. The three-dimensional viscous incompressible Navier-Stokes equations a...

During flapping flight, insect wings must withstand not only fluid-dynamic forces, but also inertial-elastic forces generated by the rapid acceleration and deceleration of their own mass. Estimates of overall aerodynamic and inertial forces vary widely, and the relative importance of these forces in determining passive wing deformations remains unknown. If aeroelastic interactions between a win...

this paper describes a modified structural dynamics model for aeroelastic analysis of high-aspect-ratio wings undergoing large deformation behavior. to gain this aim, a moderate deflection beam model is modified with some important large deflection terms and then coupled with a state space unsteady aerodynamics model. finite element method is used to discretize the equations of motion. a dynami...

Increasing the cross-sectional area of piles or adding wings to are two strategies for increasing bearing capacity resist lateral stresses. Small and full-scale finite element models were used investigate effect on laterally loaded pile in this study. Four embedded ratios (4, 6, 8, 10) with various wing dimensions numbers. The results showed that increases resistance loads reduces displacement ...

Analysis methods for computing the flutter speed of bridges stabilized against by stationary wings are presented. The placed outboard bridge deck to achieve a large lateral eccentricity, which enables them produce enough aerodynamic damping effectively raise speed. Given focus on flutter, other wind effects neglected. analysis can thus be carried out in frequency domain. most sophisticated meth...

Dragonflies and damselflies, belonging to the order Odonata, are known to be excellent fliers with versatile flight capabilities. The ability to fly over a wide range of speeds, high manoeuvrability and great agility are a few characteristics of their flight. The architecture of the wings and their structural elements have been found to play a major role in this regard. However, the precise inf...

During flight, many insect wings undergo dramatic deformations that are controlled largely by the architecture of the wing. The pattern of supporting veins in wings varies widely among insect orders and families, but the functional significance of phylogenetic trends in wing venation remains unknown, and measurements of the mechanical properties of wings are rare. In this study, we address the ...

The dynamic, three-dimensional shape of flapping insect wings may influence many aspects of flight performance. Insect wing deformations during flight are largely passive, and are controlled primarily by the architecture and material properties of the wing. Although many details of wing structure are well understood, the distribution of flexural stiffness in insect wings and its effects on wing...