The vertebrate genome contains a predicted 50 000-100 000 genes, many of unknown function. The recent development of morpholino-based gene knock-down technology in zebrafish has opened the door to the genome-wide assignment of function based on sequence in a model vertebrate. This review describes technical aspects of morpholino use for functional genomics applications, including the potential ...

In 1983, after devoting some eight years of his life to the description of how a nematode worm develops from an embryo into an adult, molecular biologist John Sulston embarked on a remarkably different project: he decided to map the worm's genome. Sulston's impulsive desire to characterise this creature's DNA from start to finish offers only a partial explanation for this transition. Instead, a...

to compare different qtl mapping methods, a population with genotypic and phenotypic data was simulated. in bayesian approach, all information of markers can be used along with combination of distributions of snp markers. it is assumed that most of the markers (95%) have minor effects and a few numbers of markers (5%) exert major effects. the simulated population included a basic population of ...

Cis-regulatory DNA sequences causally mediate patterns of gene expression, but efficient experimental analysis of these control systems has remained challenging. Here we develop a new version of "barcoded" DNA-tag reporters, "Nanotags" that permit simultaneous quantitative analysis of up to 130 distinct cis-regulatory modules (CRMs). The activities of these reporters are measured in single expe...

In the field of mammalian functional genomics, one of the main aims in the post-genomic era is to elucidate the function of all genes in the genome. The powerful technology of gene targeting in embryonic stem cells has enabled the simple generation of mice lacking a specific gene. However, it is evident that in a proportion of such knockout mice no deviation in phenotype could be detected. Adva...

In situ hybridization to mRNA in embryo sections or wholemount embryos is one of the most powerful analytical tools available to the molecular developmental biologist. For many workers, this procedure provides the first insights into the function of newly isolated genes, allowing the formulation of hypotheses and setting the course for further research. This paper presents a personal historical...

Information manifests a reduction in uncertainty or indeterminacy. As such it can emerge in two ways: by measurement, which involves the intentional choices of an observer; or more generally, by development, which involves systemically mutual (‘self-organizing’) processes that break symmetry. The developmental emergence of information is most obvious in ontogeny, but pertains as well to the evo...

listeria monocytogenes can cause serious infection and recently, relapse of listeriosis has been reported in leukemia and colorectal cancer, and the patients with klebsiella pneumoniae are at increased risk of colorectal cancer. translation initiation codon recognition is basically mediated by shine-dalgarno (sd) and the anti-sd sequences at the small ribosomal rna (ssu rrna). in this research,...

saffron is one of the highly exotic spices known for traditional values and antiquity. it is used for home décor besides serving as a colorant flavor and is widely known for medicinal value. over the last few years, saffron has garnered a lot of interest due to its anti-cancer, anti-mutagenic, anti-oxidant and immunomodulatory properties. integration of systems biology approaches with wide appl...