Abstract In this paper, we argue that proper names have deferred uses. Following Geoffrey Nunberg, describe the reference mechanism by which a linguistic expression refers to something in world exploiting contextually salient relation between an index and referent question. Nunberg offered thorough analysis of uses indexicals but claimed do not permit such We, however, offer number examples pas...

Identifying names — e.g., author names or company names — is still an open problem. In this paper we review known similarity measures. These measures deal with phonetic similarity, typing errors and plain string similarity. We show experimentally that all three approaches lead to significant better retrieval quality than plain identity. Furthermore, we demonstrate that combinations of different...

Pragmatics is the study of how people exchange meanings through the use of language. In this paper we describe our experience with regard to texts belonging to a large contemporary corpus of written language, in order to verify the uses, changes and flexibility of the meaning of Proper Names (PN). As a matter of fact, while building the lexical semantic database ItalWordNet (IWN), a considerabl...

I Introduction As our data will show, negative existential sentences containing so-called empty names evoke the same strong semantic intuitions in ordinary speakers and philosophers alike.