It has been suggested that entry of pathogenic bacteria, including streptococci, into epithelial cells may represent an early stage of invasive infections. We found that poorly encapsulated wild-type strains and unencapsulated mutants of group A Streptococcus entered cultured human keratinocytes with high efficiency, while strains that produced large amounts of hyaluronic acid capsule did not, ...

Definition 1. (directly density-reachable): A point p is directly density-reachable from a point q wrt. Eps, MinPts if 1. p ∈ NEps(q) and 2. |NEps(q)| ≥MinPts NEps(q) represents the Eps-neighborhood of the point q which includes all points whose distance to the point q is less than or equal to Eps. From the statement (2), it can be understood that there is a cluster if and only if there is a co...

Different herbal biopolymers were used to encapsulate Enterococcus durans IW3 to enhance its storage stability in yogurt and subsequently its endurance in gastrointestinal condition. Nine formulations of encapsulation were performed using alginate (ALG), ALG-psyllium (PSY), and ALG-gum Arabic (GA) blends. The encapsulation efficiency of all formulations, tolerance of encapsulated E. durans IW3 ...

A series of nanocomposites consisting of zero-valent iron nanoparticles (ZVI NPs) encapsulated in SiO2 microspheres were successfully synthesized through a successive two-step method, i.e., the wet chemical reduction by borohydride followed by a modified Stöber method. The as-synthesized nanocomposites were characterized using X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, vibr...

Background: Disulfiram is oral aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) inhibitor that has been used in the treatment of alcoholism. Recent studies show that this drug has anticancer properties; however, its rapid degradation has limited its clinical application. Encapsulation of disulfiram polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) may improve its anticancer activities and protect rapid degradation of the drug. Mater...

DNA, isolated from Simian virus 40 (SV40), has been encapsulated in large (0.4-micrometer diameter) unilamellar phospholipid vesicles. The procedure used for liposome preparation encapsulated the SV40 DNA at high efficiency (30 to 50% entrapment) and did not alter the physical or biological properties of the DNA molecules. The biological activity of the liposome-entrapped viral DNA was determin...

This paper evaluates a comprehensive list of metrics proposed for detecting earnings management in a setting where managers manipulate earnings to round up reported EPS. I find that deferred tax expense is able to detect earnings management in the rounding-up setting while discretionary accruals models are not. Further analysis provides evidence that firms manipulate bad debt expense for the pu...

A core-shell photoanode, composed of a monoclinic WO3 nanorods core encapsulated with a rutile TiO2 nanoparticles shell, reveals ~246% enhancement in power conversion efficiency due to improved current density and open circuit voltage values and longer-lived charge carriers.

The peripheral triphenylamine-encapsulated red-emitting iridium(III) complexes have been designed and synthesized. External quantum efficiency over 15% has been realized in single-layer polymer light-emitting diodes, which is the highest ever reported for solution-processed red phosphorescence.

Highly stable dendrimer-encapsulated Pd nanoparticles in ionic liquids were prepared for the first time by using charged PAMAM dendrimers as templates, which could maintain hydrogenation efficiency for up to at least 12 recycles.