Introduction: The rapid development of knowledge and technology conditions the use of pharmacoeconomic and economic analysis in the system of market economy in health care. Pharmacoeconomics identifi es, measures, compares and analyzes the relationship between costs and outcomes of the use of pharmaceutical products. Corresponding section headings: This review article, presents the results of o...

Venous abnormalities in lower extremities are among the most frequent disorders that aff ects general population with signifi cant morbidity and mortality. Usually, the problem consists of a mild form of varicose veins and teleangiectasis. Treatment in this stage of disease is highly recommended since progression can lead to chronic venous insuffi ciency and chronic disability with very few eff...

Infl ammation eff ectively increases the activation of opioid receptors on peripheral terminals of sensory neurons. Th e resulting infl ammatory hyperalgesia responds to local treatment with opioid analgesics by decreasing its intensity. Comparatively, much less is known about the effi ciency of opioid peptides administered peripherally at the infl ammation site. Th e study examined the antihyp...

Th e eff ects of some heavy metals Co(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), and Ag(I) on carbonic anhydrase (CA) activity from rainbow trout (RT) muscle were investigated. Moreover, the eff ects of these metals on the expression of heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) gene in muscle tissue were examined by real-time quantitative PCR (RT-PCR) in muscle tissue aft er exposure to the metals at the end of 6, 12, 24, and 4...

STRUK, M., SOUKOPOVÁ, J.: Effi ciency of the current municipal waste expenditure – methodology approach and its application. Acta univ. agric. et silvic. Mendel. Brun., 2011, LIX, No. 7, pp. 379–386 The paper introduces methodology designed in order to evaluate and compare effi ciency of chosen municipal waste expenditure via calculating effi ciency ratings. First part of the paper briefl y des...

Vitamin D, discovered nearly a century ago, still receives intensive attention worldwide. In The Lancet today, Thomas Wang and colleagues, through a monumental eff ort by a large consortium of experts (the SUNLIGHT consortium), provide new data that help to explain the large variability of vitamin D status, as revealed by serum concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D. Vitamin D defi ciency, even ...

Present-day mothers have an increased desire to breastfeed, but this desire has increased in parallel with the increased use of epidural analgesia during labor. Epidural anesthesia requires a high level of technical profi ciency to avoid serious complications and should always be performed by a trained anesthetist using a strict aseptic technique to reduce the risk of infection. There is curren...

Abstract. The purpose of the article is to develop a mechanism for managing business systems in conditions digital economy and sustainable development. research used methods induction, deduction, analysis, synthesis, comparison, inference, generalization, abstraction. results study showed that it worth taking into account such characteristics environment 21st century as variability, uncertainty...

Due to their narrow power spectrum between idle and full utilization [2], satisfactory energy e ciency of servers can only be reached in the peak-performance range, whereas energy e ciency obtained for lower activity levels is far from being optimal. Hence, this hardware property obviates a desired energy proportionality or minimal energy use for the entire range of system utilization. To appro...

Across all countries, costs of care are increasing, and so increased prevention of disease is widely thought to mean reduced costs in the future. Although this assumption might be true for the disease being prevented, increased prevention will mean that populations live longer (a good thing of course), and as a result adopt diff erent disease profi les. As population profi les change, demand fo...