When environmental conditions vary stochastically, individuals accrue fitness benefits by exhibiting phenotypic plasticity. Here we analyze a general dynamic-programming model describing an individual's optimal energy allocation in a stochastic environment. After maturation, individuals repeatedly decide how to allocate incoming energy between reproduction and maintenance. We analyze the optima...

due to increasingly expansion of energy consumption and also decreasing and tendency towardsending fossil energy reserves, the current energy cycle needs to use alternative energy speciallywind energy, because it’s considerably cheaper than other recycling sources. the present researchinvestigates possibility of creating wind power station economically at soltanieh zone of zanajnprovince regard...

Modifying the proof of a theorem of Wilkie, it is shown that if a one dimnsional set S is definable in an O minimal expansion of the ordered field of the reals, and if it is regularly exponentially near to many integral points, then there is an unbounded set, which is R definable without parameters, and which is exponentially near to S.

In this article we will describe some of the main developments in interest-rate modelling since Black & Scholes’ (1973) and Merton’s (1973) original articles on the pricing of equity derivatives. In particular, we will focus on continuoustime, arbitrage-free models for the full term structure of interest rates. Other models which model a limited number of key interest rates or which operate in ...

t Wilkie's stochastic investment model and its variants have been increasingly applied by actuaries around the world to actuarial modeling and simulation. This paper performs time series outlier analysis on retail price inflation, which is the driving force of Wilkie's composite model. The data come from four developed countries: the United Kingdom, the United States, Canada, and Australia. The...

Growing concern in the management of energy due to the increasing energy costs, has forced managers to optimize the amount of energy required to provide products and services. This research integrates an energy-based resource investment project-scheduling problem (RIP) under a multi-skilled structure of the resources. The proposed energy based multi skilled resource investment problem (EB-MSRIP...

This paper investigates the relationship between energy curtailment regulation and investments in distribution networks in a deregulated electric power system with distributed generation. Curtailment due to the network constraints is the interest of the paper. The network investment can be based on accommodating the energy produced from distributed generation without curtailment; however, a par...

This paper reassesses the burden of the current U.S. international tax regime and reconsiders well-known welfare benchmarks used to guide international tax reform. Reinventing corporate tax policy requires that international considerations be placed front and center in the debate on how to tax corporate income. A simple framework for assessing current rules suggests a U.S. tax burden on foreign...

Abstract: One of the tools for maintaining environmental sustainability is transformation from fossil-based energy sources to renewable energy sources in energy consumption. Among renewable energy alternatives, wind energy is the most prominent and reliable energy source for fulfilling energy demand. Traditional investment evaluation techniques based on discounted cash flows are not capable of ...