A one-dimensional model has recently been developed for the analysis of nonlinear standing waves in an acoustical resonator. This model is modified to include energy losses in the boundary layer along the resonator wall. An investigation of the influence of the boundary layer on the acoustical field in the resonator and on the energy dissipation in the resonator is conducted. The effect of the ...

Electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) has been investigated in the range from 2 to >10 keV using an optimized optical coupling of the microscope to the spectrometer to improve the high loss performance in EELS. It is found that excellent quality data can now be acquired up until about 5 keV, suitable for both energy loss near edge structure (ELNES) studies of oxidation and local chemistry, a...

Two approaches to calculating distribution energy losses are developed in this paper. The first one is based on the fuzzy load flow, and the other one uses fuzzy clustering technique. The attention at the first approach is devoted to forming the fuzzy numbers that represent loads. Data accessible from the measurements in corresponding substations are considered in this process. Using formed fuz...

The prime focus of ethanol production from corn is to replace the imported oil used in American vehicles, without expending more fossil energy in ethanol production than is produced as ethanol energy. In a thorough and up-to-date evaluation of all the fossil energy costs of ethanol production from corn, every step in the production and conversion process must be included. In this study, 14 ener...

wheat is one of the most important food staff in consumption pattern of each country. more than 50 percent of energy is provided by bread in the developing countries. the aim of this study was measuring wheat losses during pre-harvest and harvest stages in chaharmahal and bakhtiari province of iran in year 2013. wheat losses at harvest stages were measured to wheat varieties in 2 levels of omid...

Stool energy losses and the sources of energy within the stool were determined in 20 healthy controls and 20 patients with cystic fibrosis while on their habitual pancreatic enzyme replacement treatment. Stool energy losses were equivalent to 3.5% of gross energy intake in healthy children (range 1.3-5.8%). Despite a comparable gross energy intake, stool energy losses were three times greater i...