Objectives: The goals of this investigation are to determine whether commercially available dose calibrators can be used to measure the activity of -emitting radionuclides used in pain palliation and to establish whether manufacturer-supplied calibration factors are appropriate for this purpose. Methods: Six types of commercially available dose calibrators were studied. Dose calibrator response...

In this paper, a multi-objective reconfiguration problem has been solved simultaneously by a modified ant colony optimization algorithm. Two objective functions, real power loss and energy not supplied index (ENS), were utilized. Multi-objective modified ant colony optimization algorithm has been generated by adding non-dominated sorting technique and changing the pheromone updating rule of ori...

In this paper, effect of the islands number variation in restoration process is investigated and a graph based method for determination of optimum islands boundaries is presented. Also, the effect of number and location of black-start units on the restoration process is evaluated. In optimization process, objective function is minimizing Energy Not Supplied (ENS) and constraints are voltage mar...

[This document should not be cited in a published bibliography, and is supplied for the use of the recipient only]. Work carried out under contract to the Department of Energy This document should not be cited in a published bibliography except as 'personal communication' and is supplied for the use of the recipient only.

in this context, a novel structure has been proposed for simple differential evolutionary (de) algorithm to solve optimal recloser placement. for this, an operator is added to de algorithm to adapt concept of the problem. other contribution of this work is formulating a novel objective function. the proposed objective function has been formulated to improve four reliability indices which consis...

one of the big concerns of big cities is facing with the increase of fossil fuel vehicles in the roads. the cars intensify greenhouse gas emission in civic centers. one approach to reduce the emission is replacing the cars by plug-in electric vehicles (pevs). in spite of reducing the emission, pevs have some adverse effect on electric distribution networks. technical challenges such as load and...

Self-replication is a remarkable phenomenon in nature that has fascinated scientists for decades. In a self-replicating system, the original units are attracted to a template, which induce their binding. In equilibrium, the energy required to disassemble the newly assembled copy from the mother template is supplied by thermal energy. The possibility of optimizing self-replication was explored b...