iranian oil buy back contract is a kind of service contract that foreign party carries out all operations in development or reconstruction of oil or gas field with its costs. in return, national iranian oil company obliges to compensate contractor all capital or non-capital costs necesserly by produced oil or gas from the same field. the energy charter treaty as the most perfect international t...

The key to achieving high energy savings (over 20% consistently) is offering a turn-key (“one-stop-shop”) approach to implementing deep retrofits. This has traditionally been the model utilized by Energy Service Companies (ESCOs) on large projects in the MUSH (Municipal, University, School and Hospital) market. Emerging, small firms have enhanced the ESCOs approach and now deploy it for multifa...

This paper explores future prospects of energy service companies (ESCOs) to deliver energy efficiency and other services in the context of fundamental changes occurring in the electricity industry. We briefly review the evolution of the U.S. ESCO industry, including an assessment of current market activity and capabilities, relationship to utilities and demand-side management (DSM) programs, an...

The paper describes an ontology of enterprise software components (ESCO). Its purpose is to reduce the conceptual gap between component specifications and their corresponding business descriptions, i.e., business processes and business entities. To this end, the different types of enterprise components and their semantic relationships are analyzed. The ontology axioms are formally expressed in ...

The Semantic Web has a huge potential when it is used to organize market processes. The labour market is an excellent example where it can add value. By enhancing communication between employers and job seekers in the digital age, market processes become more efficient and more people can find the right jobs for them. The multilingual classification of European Skills, Competences, Qualificatio...

-Industrial wireless communication opens up many new possibilities for highly flexible and efficient solutions. In this paper use of GSM network is for energy metering system incorporating the widely used GSM network. In many countries GSM network is popular because of its vast coverage area & cost effectiveness. Using GSM as the medium for metering system provides a cheap, wireless, seamlessly...

Nowadays, English language plays an important role in the job of engineers and it is necessary to become familiar with engineers’ objectives, attitudes, and expectations in order to have an appropriate course design. The purpose of this study was to explore the needs analysis of English learning of engineers in Esfahan Steel Company (ESCO). This study aimed at investigating the required level o...

In the increasingly competitive environment, top managers' background characteristics are undoubtedly vital factors for company performance. This study examines whether the performance of Chinese listed companies in the energy industry differs with respect to top managers' background characteristics and explores the exact distribution interval of top managers' background characteristics when co...