Background and purpose: Due to the lack of accurate statistics on the amount of waste generated in the energy production sector in Zahedan, before any planning, one should identify all waste producing centers associated with the energy sector and also the quantity and quality of their waste in Zahedan. Materials and methods: This research is a cross-sectional descriptive study. It examined the ...

Biomass and other carbonaceous materials can be gasified to produce syngas with high concentrations of CO and H2. Feedstock materials include wood, dedicated energy crops, grain wastes, manufacturing or municipal wastes, natural gas, petroleum and chemical wastes, lignin, coal and tires. Syngas fermentation converts CO and H2 to alcohols and organic acids and uses concepts applicable in ferment...

This paper describes the application of life cycle assessment for evaluating various waste management options in Singapore, a small-island city state. The impact assessment method by SimaPro is carried out for comparing the potential environmental impacts of waste treatment options including landfilling, incineration, recycling, and composting. The inventory data include gases and leachate from...

The enormous increase in the quantum and diversity of waste materials and their potentially harmful effects on the general environment and public health, have led to an increasing awareness about an urgent need to adopt scientific methods for safe disposal of wastes. While there is an obvious need to minimize the generation of wastes and to reuse and recycle them, the technologies for recovery ...

This report presents the results of a study that examined alternatives to landfilling the municipal solid wastes (MSW) of New York City. Detailed characterization of the wastes led to their classification, according to materials properties and inherent value, to “recyclable”, compostable”, “combustible”, and “landfillable”. The results showed that the present rates of recycling (16.6%) and comb...

Anaerobic digestion is the most widely used technology to produce biogas such as methane and hydrogen from the decomposition of organic compounds. The effectiveness of the process depends on the stability of the consecutive reactions i.e. hydrolysis, acidification, acetogenesis, and methanogenesis. The process is widely used in sludge treatment for stabilization and production of methane gas. D...

Several research programs investigated energy crops (aquatic and marine plants, grasses, and woods) and municipal solid wastes (MSW) coupled with anaerobic digestion for generation of renewable substitute natural gas. These programs integrated research on crop production and harvesting, collection of municipal solid wastes, conversion of these feedstocks to methane by anaerobic digestion, and s...

Considering increasing population growth in recent decades, and consequently, the increase in waste production in the world, waste management and efforts to reduce their harm to the environment has become an important issue. One of the appropriate ways to manage municipal waste is to generate energy from waste, especially by RDF production method. On the other hand, in order to reduce the consu...

The concept of microbiological leaching have played a greater role to recover valuable metals from various sulfide minerals or low grade ores during the middle era of twentieth century and that continued till the end of the century. Slowly, due to depletion of ore/minerals, and implementation of stricter environmental rules, microbiological leaching process has been shifted for its application ...