| We rst describe the background and technical aspects of an interactive EC (evolutionary computation). Then, we overview the research on its application in three major elds | artistic, engineering, and educational | and on human interface. We also list approximately 90 references on interactive EC for further study.

The goal of my PhD thesis is to develop an evolutionary tool, the evolutionary requirements analyser (ERA), for searching an optimal set of component combinations in the use of requirements engineering. The evolutionary tool is demonstrated in evolving system requirements, which are symbolised by the component-based approach. The chanlleges of this research are fourfold: the transformation of t...

Globalization has dramatically changed the way in which products are produced by manufactures of all sizes. Small to medium sized organizations are now just as likely to engage in global outsourcing projects as large multinational teams (Tosse, 2005). Global distributed teams need to effectively communicate and collaborate throughout the entire product development process to produce innovative ...

Abstract AQ Col (EC 05217-3914) is one of the first detected pulsating subdwarf B (sdB) stars and has been considered to be a single star. Photometric monitoring reveals pulsation timing variation with period 486 days, interpreted as time delay due reflex motion in wide binary formed an unseen companion expected mass larger than 1.05 M ? . The optical spectra color–magnitude diagram system sugg...

ion, reuse, encapsulation, design patterns, ... UML MDA OWL Mathematics Computer Science Software Engineering Software Engineering paradigm is extremely effective, but the starting point of Digital Ecosystems research, as defined by the EC, was to look beyond traditional engineering methods. The result has been to integrate social science with software engineering for the functional requirement...

A great deal of attention has been recently focused on Electrochromic (EC) materials and EC based devices, promoting mainly applications related to display technology. In this case, EC based displays are usually actuated by the application of low dc bias voltages, changing their appearance from transparent to opaque. A variety of studies related to the optical characteristics of EC materials ha...

Objective(s): Tissue engineering aims to achieve a tissue, which has highly interconnected porous microstructure concurrent with appropriate mechanical and biological properties. Materials and Methods: Therefore, the microstructure scaffolds are of great importance in this field. In the present study, an electroconductive poly-lactic acid (EC-PLA) filament used to fabricate a porous bone ...

Elemental carbon (EC) is used as a surrogate for regulating the exposure to diesel particulate matter (DPM) of underground metal/non-metal miners. EC was chosen as a surrogate because EC is selective to DPM and is a major component of DPM. Using EC as a surrogate also gives one the advantages of no sampling artifacts and being able to sample at all locations in the mine. Currently, EC represent...