Starting to attain an important international language status in the world from 19th century onwards thanks many interrelated factors like British colonialism and later US-Britain cultural policies of expansion, English has achieved unprecedented prevalence usage different sectors ranging education tourism art literature sports. Today, it keeps its reign as lingua franca, reinforcing position b...

one of the by-products of globalization is the need of english spread as a lingua franca. according to the linguistic relativism and world englishes theories, one expects then, a certain proportion of anglo-american cultural values and viewpoints will be projected to the outer circle societies. while this transmission could enhance the cultural quotient (cq) of the learners, it can also bear ne...

This research work aims to explore out the perceptions of Sindhi intelligentsia related English language learning. in Pakistan is given much significance and considered as gateway success. In private sector schools, used a medium instruction from Nursery, KG onwards. The widespread use linguistic imperialism exploitation regional languages. believed be one oldest British authorities during thei...

this study explored the nature of transfer among bilingual vs. trilinguals with varying levels of competence in english and their previous languages. the hypotheses were tested in writing tasks designed for 75 high (n= 35) vs. intermediate (n=40) proficient efl learners with turkish, persian, english and persian, english linguistic backgrounds. qualitative data were also collected through some ...