In this paper, we show the first descriptive evidence of factors explaining gender wage differences from a unique questionnaire survey that was carried out on a representative sample for the Czech Republic. We observe large wage differences related to gender; without any reasons, Czech women earn on average 77.80% of men’s wages. The survey uncovers that there is a number of differences among m...

Studies on the role of 'given' and 'new' information in speech communication normally concentrate mainly on prosadie aspects like duration and fundamental frequency. Except for one study, no significant differences between 'given' and 'new' words are found. ln our study we included, unlike the other studies, spectral measurements tagether with duration and FO for vowels occurring in (the same) ...

The development of an industry is seen as the outcome of a differential game in which market shares flow in response to price differences. It is hypothesized that while all consumers eventually react to price differences, some are slower than others. If scale advantages have some influence on marginal costs around average market share, then, under reasonable conditions, only st'ewed size distri...

Research has demonstrated girls to outperform boys on conventional literacy tests. The present studies concern gender differences on computerised educational tests. Seventy-one children were tested using LASS Secondary and a set of seven conventional measures. No significant gender differences were found on any of the LASS Secondary modules, although females did outperform males on a convention...

The emergence of the web has necessitated the need to detect and correct noisy consumer-generated texts. Most of the previous studies on English spelling-error extraction collected English spelling errors from web services such as Twitter by using the edit distance or from input logs utilizing crowdsourcing. However, in the former approach, it is not clear which word corresponds to the spelling...

The identification of spelling variants in English and German historical texts: manual or automatic? Dawn ARCHER (University of Central Lancashire) Andrea ERNST-GERLACH, Sebastian KEMPKEN, Thomas PILZ (Universität Duisburg-Essen) Paul RAYSON (Lancaster University) The identification of spelling variants in English and German historical texts: manual or automatic?

1. Background and Motivation In 1993-1994, Dr. Michael Higgins of Yamaguchi University developed and did initial testing on a new system of phonetic spelling of the sounds in English as an aid to learning better English pronunciation and improving listening and spelling skills in English for Japanese students of English. The method, subsequently entitled "A Sound Approach"ã, was tested initiall...