The aim of this study was to analyze by PCR 185 isolates of Staphylococcus from milk of cows with- and without mastitis and from the cowsheds environment for their potential ability to produce five classical staphylococcal enterotoxins. Among S. aureus isolates 8 (32%) carried enterotoxin genes and only 2 of them had more than one gene. The enterotoxin genes were detected in 22 (13.7%) coagulas...

THE EMETIC ACTION OF STAPHYLOCOCCUS ENTEROTOXIN WAS TESTED ON YOUNG AND ADULT CATS UNDER VARIOUS EXPERIMENTAL CONDITIONS WITH THE FOLLOWING RESULTS: 1. No direct action on isolated intestinal strips was observed. 2. Emesis resulted following intravenous, intracardial, and intraperitoneal injections, but failed to appear subsequent to oral, subcutaneous, or intramuscular administration. 3. Emesi...

In this study, the enterotoxigenic potential of Staphylococcus strains (n = 574) isolated from raw milk samples (n = 140) was determined for their capacity to produce staphylococcal enterotoxins. In addition, the relationship between the presence of enterotoxins, coagulase, and thermonuclease (Tnase) was assessed. The results showed that 19% of Staphylococcus was enterotoxigenic, being able to ...

The Rockefeller University Press $30.00 J. Cell Biol. Vol. 209 No. 1 143–162 www.jcb.org/cgi/doi/10.1083/jcb.201407130 JCB 143 Correspondence to Chang-Duk Jun: [email protected] Abbreviations used in this paper: ABM, actin-binding motif; APB, actin polymerization buffer; APC, antigen-presenting cell; Arp2/3, Actin-related protein 2/3; CFSE, carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester; CH, calponin hom...

A variant enterotoxin gene, referred to as sezA+, has been identified. Staphylococcus aureus FRI1106, a staphylococcal enterotoxin type D producer (Sed+), contained HindIII fragments of 3.8 and 9.4 kilobase pairs (kbp) that hybridized in Southern blot analysis to a probe containing only staphylococcal enterotoxin type A structural gene sequences. Presumably, probe A-624 hybridized to the 9.4-kb...

A monoclonal antibody capable of binding to determinants shared in common by staphylococcal enterotoxin serotypes A, B, C1, D, and E was developed. To accomplish this, BALB/c mice were immunized by alternating injections of serotypes A and D to enrich for spleen lymphocytes programmed to produce antibody to possible common determinants. These cells, fused with mutant myeloma cells (P3-X-63Ag8.6...

BACKGROUND Camelids and sharks possess a unique subclass of antibodies comprised of only heavy chains. The antigen binding fragments of these unique antibodies can be cloned and expressed as single domain antibodies (sdAbs). The ability of these small antigen-binding molecules to refold after heating to achieve their original structure, as well as their diminutive size, makes them attractive ca...

A direct system for screening large numbers of staphylococcal isolates for enterotoxin production has been developed. The system employs polyvalent (serotypes A, B, C, D, and E) immunodiffusion assay slides in conjunction with a multiple-culturing system for toxin production. With the combined system, as many as 50 cultures can be screened simultaneously on a single assay slide having a sensiti...

Cholera-like enterotoxin produced by a non-O1 strain of Vibrio cholerae, S7 (S7 enterotoxin), isolated from human diarrheal stool, was purified, and its physicochemical, biological, and immunological properties were compared with those of cholera enterotoxin from V. cholerae O1 569B (CT) and an enterotoxin produced by another non-O1 V. cholerae (E8498 enterotoxin) reported previously (Yamamoto ...