Combustion profiles determined by TGA and experiments in a laminar entrained flow reactor (EFR) were used in this work to assess the relative combustion reactivities of different rank coals and their binary coal blends. The combustion behaviour of coal blends in TGA was greatly influenced by coal rank and the proportion of each component in the blend. Higher volatile coals exerted more influenc...

OBJECTIVE To determine the relative validity of a 3 d estimated food record (EFR) used to assess energy and nutrient intakes in toddlers, using a 3 d weighed food record (WDR) as the reference method. DESIGN Parents reported the food and beverage intakes of their children using an EFR concurrently with a WDR over three consecutive days. Estimation of mean differences, Spearman correlation coe...

The role of the liver and the endocrine pancreas in development of hyperinsulinemia in different types of obesity remains unclear. Sedentary rats (160 g) were fed a low-fat-diet (LFD, chow 13% kcal fat), high-fat-diet (HFD, 35% fat), or HFD+ 30% ethanol+ 30% fructose (HF-EFr, 22% fat). Overnight-fasted rats were culled after one, four or eight weeks. Pancreatic and hepatic mRNAs were isolated f...

Let n > m 2:: 4 be positive integers. The edge framing number efr( Cm, Cn) of Cm and Cn is defined as the minimum size of a graph every edge of which belongs to an induced Cm and an induced Cn. We show that efr(Cm,Cn) = n+4 ifn = 2m-4 and m 2:: 5, efr(Cm,Cn) = n+5 if n = 2m-6 and m ~ 7 and efr(Cm1 Cn) = n+6 if n = 2m-8 (m ~ 10) or m = n -1 (where n ~ 5 and n ¢ {6,S}) or m = n 2 (n = 6 or n 2:: ...

During plant immunity, surface-localized pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). The transfer of PRRs between plant species is a promising strategy for engineering broad-spectrum disease resistance. Thus, there is a great interest in understanding the mechanisms of PRR-mediated resistance across different plant species. Two well-characteriz...

INTRODUCTION Aromatase-inhibitors (AIs) are commonly used for treatment of patients with hormone-receptor positive breast carcinoma, and are known to induce bone density loss and increase the risk of fractures. The current standard-of-care screening tool for fracture risk is bone mineral density (BMD) by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). The fracture risk assessment tool (FRAX®) may be us...

Pattern recognition receptors in eukaryotes initiate defence responses on detection of microbe-associated molecular patterns shared by many microbe species. The Leu-rich repeat receptor-like kinases FLS2 and EFR recognize the bacterial epitopes flg22 and elf18, derived from flagellin and elongation factor-Tu, respectively. We describe Arabidopsis 'priority in sweet life' (psl) mutants that show...

SUMMARY We consider a Leray model with a deconvolution-based indicator function for the simulation of incompressible fluid flow at moderately large Reynolds number (in the range of few thousand) with under-resolved meshes. For the implementation of the model, we adopt a three-step algorithm called evolve-filter-relax (EFR) that requires (i) the solution of a Navier-Stokes problem, (ii) the solu...