The 900 consultant paediatricians in Britain might occasionally pause to reflect that they have about 30 000 paediatrician colleagues within the European Community (EC). The total number in greater Europe between Lisbon and the Urals must approach six figures. The geographic and political map of the continent has radically changed during the last year and it is likely that colleagues working in...

The prefrontal cortex (PFC) is considered to constitute the highest stage of neural integration and be devoted representation production actions. Studies in primates have laid foundation for theories regarding principles function provided mechanistic insights. recent surge studies PFC mice holds promise evolvement present development novel concepts, particularly shared across mammals. Here we r...

Since the publication of Fodor's (1983) The Modularity of Mind, there have been quite a few discussions of cognitive modularity among cognitive scientists. Generally, in those discussions, modularity means a property of specialized cognitive processes or a domain-specific body of information. In actuality, scholars understand modularity in many different ways. Different characterizations of mod...

Most advanced solid tumors remain incurable, with resistance to chemotherapeutics and targeted therapies a common cause of poor clinical outcome. Intratumor heterogeneity may contribute to this failure by initiating phenotypic diversity enabling drug resistance to emerge and by introducing tumor sampling bias. Envisaging tumor growth as a Darwinian tree with the trunk representing ubiquitous mu...