Direct evidence is provided for the transition from surface conduction (SC) to electro-osmotic flow (EOF) above a critical channel depth (d) of a nanofluidic device. The dependence of the overlimiting conductance (OLC) on d is consistent with theoretical predictions, scaling as d(-1) for SC and d(4/5) for EOF with a minimum around d=8  μm. The propagation of transient deionization shocks is als...

We have applied the empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis to examine the climatology of the total ion density Ni at 840 km during the period 1996–2004, obtained from the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) spacecraft. The data set for each of the local time (09:30 LT and 21:30 LT) is decomposed into a time mean plus the sum of EOF bases Ei of space, multiplied by time-varying...

This paper presents a novel method to control Electro Osmotic Flow (EOF) with AC electrical fields. It is shown that with a single potential the zeta potential at a solid liquid interface and the channel potential that drives the EOF can be controlled in a synchronized matter to create a net flow with zero average potential. The frequency regime in which the EOF can be controlled is bound by th...

Developed in this article are theories of the so-called linear estimation techniques. The methods are exclusively based on the space-time empirical orthogonal functions which describe nonuniform covariance statistics of background uctuations of investigated variable. Two speciic methods to be discussed are the detection and the estimation algorithms with speciic emphasis on the description of e...

We present an experimental study on the effect of polymer PVP on EOF mobility of microchannels wet etched into optical white soda lime glass, also known as Crown glass. We performed experiments to evaluate the effect of PVP concentration and pH on EOF mobility. We used on-chip capillary zone electrophoresis and a neutral fluorescent dye as a passive marker to quantify the electroosmotic flow. W...

For any three-qubit quantum systems ABC, Oliveira et al. numerically found that both the concurrence and the entanglement of formation (EoF) obey the linear monogamy relations in pure states. They also conjectured that the linear monogamy relations can be saturated when the focus qubit A is maximally entangled with the joint qubits BC. In this work, we prove analytically that both the concurren...

Two new 8-O-alkyl derivatives of riboflavin (RF), i.e., 8-methoxy- (MOF), and 8-ethoxy-8-demethyl-D-riboflavin (EOF), their tetraacetate, and the tetraacetate of 8-hydroxy-8-demethyl-D-riboflavin (HOF) were synthesized. The anti-RF activity of MOF, EOF and HOF was estimated from the ratio CR/CI, where CI is the concentration of test flavin added to the culture medium and CR is the minimum conce...

The fabrication of microchannels in poly(ethylene terephthalate glycol) (PETG) by laser ablation and the hot imprinting method is described. In addition, hot imprinted microchannels were hydrolyzed to yield additional charged organic functional groups on the imprinted surface. The charged groups are carboxylate moieties that were also used as a means for the further reaction of different chemic...

FIG. 1. EOF of the zonal-mean surface pressure in the CKV model (solid), zonal mean of the nonzonally averaged surface pressure in the CKV model (dashed), and zonal mean of the sector EOF shown in CKV’s Fig. 11a (dotted–dashed). We thank Dr. Robinson for his comments (Robinson 2004). Robinson argues that the results of Cash et al. (2002, hereafter CKV) are not inconsistent with the presence of ...