Objective- This study was performed to investigate the analgesic effects of lidocaine and lidocaine/tramadol combination in epidural anaesthesia in dromedary camels. Design- Experimental Study Animals- Eight healthy immature dromedary camels Methods - The camels were randomly designed in 2 equal groups. In group L: lidocaine 2% (0.22 mg/kg) and in group LT: a combination of lidocaine 2% (0.22 m...

Objective(s): The present study was aimed to investigate the influence of thoracic epidural blockade on hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension in rats. Materials and Methods: Forty eight Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 equal groups, named normoxia hypoxia hypoxia/ ropivacaine and hypoxia/saline. Animals were placed in a hypoxia chamber and instrumented with epidural catheters at the t...

Epidural catheters inserted 8 cm within the epidural space are more likely to result in intravenous cannulation and unilateral block1. Epidural catheters inserted 2 or 4 cm within the epidural space are more likely to be dislodged than epidural catheters inserted 6 or 8 cm.1 Obese patients are at particular risk of epidural catheter displacement2. It is recommended that epidural catheters shoul...

there are many studies about epidural fibrosis after surgical manipulation of the spine. we have studied formation of the post laminectomy epidural fibrosis after application of two materials (silicone and teflon) in this report. this expriment is on two groups of rats. two separated laminectomies were done in each rat, one serving as control while in the other laminectomy spaces silicone was u...

background simultaneous administration of epidural local anesthetic agents (la) and general anesthetics (intravenous or inhaled) is a common procedure in patients undergoing major operations. the effects of epidural anesthesia during combined general-epidural anesthesia on the alertness level (cgea) in the awake phase and the doses of anesthetics have been reported. objectives the present study...

Spinal epidural haemorrhage may present as back pain associated with radicular symptoms and can be a catastrophic clinical scenario with progression to paraplegia or even sudden death. Being a rare entity, it needs a high index ofclinical suspicion to diagnose it. Fractures have been documented as a cause of hematorrachis but such hematomas only extend to one or two vertebral segments. Large ep...

A MALE patient, 73 yr old, had a Flexitip Plus (Arrow International, Reading, PA) 19gauge end-hole, wire-reinforced thoracic epidural catheter inserted for postthoracotomy pain management. He underwent highresolution spiral computed tomography scan with the catheter in situ before its use to evaluate previous bronchoscopic findings. A composite set of sagittal computed tomography images (figs. ...

BACKGROUND Current methods of locating the epidural space rely on surface anatomical landmarks and loss-of-resistance (LOR). We are not aware of any data describing real-time ultrasound (US)-guided epidural access in adults. METHODS We evaluated the feasibility of performing real-time US-guided paramedian epidural access with the epidural needle inserted in the plane of the US beam in 15 adul...

The authors performed a meta-analysis and found that epidural analgesia overall provided superior postoperative analgesia compared with intravenous patient-controlled analgesia. For all types of surgery and pain assessments, all forms of epidural analgesia (both continuous epidural infusion and patient-controlled epidural analgesia) provided significantly superior postoperative analgesia compar...