An unresolved debate in the development literature concerns the impact of gender inequality on economic growth. Previous studies have found that the effect varies, depending on the measure of inequality (wages or capabilities). This paper expands that discussion by considering both the shortand long-run, evaluating the effects of gender equality in two types of economies—semi-industrialized eco...

where f(w) is called the objective function, gi(w) the inequality constraints, and hi(w) the equality constraints. The optimal value f(w∗) of the objective function is called the value of the optimization problem. The feasible region is defined by all w ∈M for which ∀i = 1, . . . , k : gi(w) ≤ 0 ∧ ∀j = 1, . . . ,m : hj(w). If for an inequality constraint gi(w) = 0, then the constraint gi is cal...

In this paper fully fuzzy linear programming (FFLP) problem with both equality and inequality constraints is considered where all the parameters and decision variables are represented by non-negative trapezoidal fuzzy numbers. According to the current approach, the FFLP problem with equality constraints first is converted into a multi–objective linear programming (MOLP) problem with crisp const...

In this paper we study optimization problems with equality and inequality constraints on a Banach space where the objective function and the binding constraints are either differentiable at the optimal solution or Lipschitz near the optimal solution. Necessary and sufficient optimality conditions and constraint qualifications in terms of the Michel–Penot subdifferential are given, and the resul...

Second-order necessary conditions are developed for an abstract nonsmooth control problem with mixed state-control equality and inequality constraints as well as a constraint of the form G(x, u) e T, where T is a closed convex set of a Banach space with nonempty interior. The inequality constraints g{s, x, u) < 0 depend on a parameter 5 belonging to a compact metric space S. The equality constr...

This paper proposes an algorithm for satisfying systems of linear equality and inequality constraints with hierarchical strengths or preferences. Basically, it is a numerical method that incrementally obtains the LU decompositions of linear constraint systems. To realize this, it introduces a novel technique for analyzing hierarchical systems of linear constraints. In addition, it improves perf...

Design conditions for existence of memory-less feedback control for stabilization of discrete-time systems with equality constraints given on the state variables are presented in the paper. The design problem is addressed for linear discretetime systems with equality constraints tying together some state variables. Using the classical memory-less feedback control principle LMI-based procedures ...

In this paper, we present a new method to handle inequality constraints and apply it in NOVEL (Nonlinear Optimization via External Lead), a system we have developed for solving constrained continuous nonlinear optimization problems. In general, in applying Lagrange-multiplier methods to solve these problems, inequality constraints are rst converted into equivalent equality constraints. One such...

This paper presents an application of Harmony Search algorithm (HSA) to solve the Dynamic Economic-Environmental Dispatch (DEED) problem under some equality and inequality constraints. The equality constraints reflect a real power balance, and the inequality constraint reflects the limits of real generation. The voltage levels and security are assumed to be constant. Dynamic Economic-Environmen...