A series of 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions are carried out using cyclodimers of simple nitrones and various dipolarophiles; substituted isoxazolidines are isolated and identified. It is proved that such cyclodimers, in solution, are in equilibrium with their corresponding nitrones and enamines. It is also concluded that aldocyclodimers are more potent than keto-cyclodimers in establish...

‎in this paper‎, ‎we propose two iterative methods for finding a common solution of a finite family of equilibrium problems ‎for pseudomonotone bifunctions‎. ‎the first is a parallel hybrid extragradient-cutting algorithm which is extended from the‎ ‎previously known one for variational inequalities to equilibrium problems‎. ‎the second is a new cyclic hybrid‎ ‎extragradient-cutting algorithm‎....

In this paper, by using a new concept of strong convexity, we obtain sufficient conditions for Holder continuity of the solution mapping for a parametric weak vector equilibrium problem in the case where the solution mapping is a general set-valued one. Without strong monotonicity assumptions, the Holder continuity for solution maps to parametric weak vector optimization problems is discussed.

The first acidity scale to be established in a pure solvent other than water was the result of the pioneering work of Conant, Wheland, and McEwen in ether or ben~ene .~ During the past 20 years an ion-pair acidity scale covering an "effective pKa rangefrom about 15 to 40 has been developed in cyclohexylamine (CHA),6 and similar studies in other low-dielectric-constant solvents including 1,2-dim...

In this study, nano-TiO2 was employed for the adsorption of chloroform from aqueous solution in batch equilibrium experiments to investigate its adsorption properties. The effects of pH, initial chloroform concentration and nano-TiO2 dosage were also investigated. Optimal conditions for chloroform removal by nano-TiO2 have been then identified. Results of equilibrium experiments showed that the...

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Nash equilibrium (NE) assumes that players always make a best response. However, this is not always true; sometimes people cooperate even it is not a best response to do so. For example, in the Prisoner’s Dilemma, people often cooperate. Are there rules underlying cooperative behavior? In an effort to answer this question, we propose a new equilibrium concept: perfect cooperative equilibrium (P...

The removal ofxylenol orange from aqueous solution onto the coal ash was investigated at room temperature. The results show that the adsorption capacity of xylenol orange increased as the adsorption time increased and then equilibrium established after 30 min adsorption time. The results obtained revealed that the coal ash removed about 80 % of xylenol orange from the aqueous solution withi...