This paper deals with the problem of unavailability of velocity measurements for the control of parallel manipulators for pick-and-place applications. As most controllers require the measurement of the joint positions as well as joint velocities, the latter need to be estimated. Three observers have been implemented while keeping the same nonlinear controller: a Lead-lag filter based observer, ...

The first theme of this paper is that direct (product) competition acts as a tournament between retailers when informational problems (or transaction costs) prevent the manufacturer from using contracts based on their relative performances. Anti-competitive restraints such as exclusive territories and resale price maintenance (which, we show, are not necessarily good substitutes) may or may not...

After Gough [1] and Stewart [2] in the 50's and 60's introducing the idea of ‘hexapods’ (6-dof) [3][4], Clavel and his Delta structure [5] in the late 80's opened a new era with machines able to reach extremely high performances, used first for pick-and-place operations, and more recently for 3 or 5-axis machining. Considering the machining of complex shape objects, the solution often proposed ...

for the performance improvement and higher flexibility in irrigation networks, applications of automatic systems are expanding and on evaluation of their success for achieving the objectives are essential and necessary. considering various equipment, algorithms, and their applications at different levels of irrigation networks, the performance of automatic systems is a function of the performan...