An equivalent circuit, made of the chain connection of a number of T-type two-port networks, is proposed for the very accurate representation of the frequency-domain behavior of radially inhomogeneous solitary cylindrical structures, the individual two-port networks being made of frequency-independent R, L and C lumped elements. The accuracy of the model is dictated by the number of two-port ne...

Alternative approaches to modelling distributional and welfare effects of changes in policy and the economic environment in developing and transition countries are surveyed. Microsimulations range from pure accounting approaches to models with behavioural equations based on econometric estimates and various dynamic models. Microsimulation accounting models are key to analysing the impact effect...

Interrupted aging in the two-dimensional Ising spin glass model with Gaus-sian couplings is established and investigated via extensive Monte-Carlo simulations. The spin autocorrelation function scales with t/τ (t w), where t w is the waiting time and τ is equal to t w for waiting times smaller than the equilibration time τ eq. The spatial correlations scale with r/ξ(t w), where the correlation ...

In the past, model order reduction techniques have been successfully employed for 3-D PEEC interconnect models. This paper explores the diiculties in generating low order models when PEEC-like models include volume laments to accurately capture skin and proximity eeects.

We investigate how human observers make use of three candidate cues in their lightness judgments. Each cue potentially provides information about the spatial distribution of light sources in complex, rendered 3D scenes. The illumination (lighting model) of each scene consisted of a punctate light source combined with a diffuse light source. The cues were (1) cast shadows, (2) surface shading, a...

It is shown that the shoving model expression for the average relaxation time of viscous liquids, according to which the activation energy is proportional to the instantaneous shear modulus, follows largely from a classical "landscape" estimation of barrier heights from curvature at energy minima. Although the activation energy in this reasoning involves both instantaneous bulk and shear moduli...