We analyze the ESG rating criteria used by prominent agencies and show that there is a lack of commonality in definition (i) characteristics, (ii) attributes (iii) standards defining E, S G components. provide evidence heterogeneity can lead to have opposite opinions on same evaluated companies agreement across those providers substantially low. Those alternative definitions also affect sustain...

This paper analyzes the persistence of environmental, social, and governance (ESG)-scores in socially responsible (SR) mutual funds. ESG-scores can be used as a measure for the level of social responsibility of an SR mutual fund. It is shown that ESG-scores persist for approximately two years. However, the persistence of the ESG-scores is terminated after approximately three years. This implies...

Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) rating agencies have been instrumental in mainstreaming sustainability the investment industry. Traditionally, they relied on company disclosure human analysis to produce their ratings. More recently however, technological innovation data scraping Artificial Intelligence (AI) undercut traditional approach. Tech-driven Alternative ESG ratings are becomi...

BACKGROUND/AIMS To investigate whether temporary placement of a paclitaxel or rapamycin eluting stent is more effective to reduce stenting induced inflammatory reaction and scaring than a bared stent in benign cardia stricture models. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eighty dog models of stricture were randomly divided into a control group (CG, n=20, no stent insertion), a bare stent group (BSG, n=20), ...

This paper illustrates the impact of Environmental Social and Governance (ESG) disclosure on European corporate equity performance. In this study, we use an extensive data set ESG ratings provided by Bloomberg to demonstrate that is associated with improved return growth, pillar exhibiting strongest effect The volatility changing over time, suggesting existence opaque limits transmission inform...

Corporate financial statements address multiple stakeholders’ needs. International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRSs), among others, allow two different classifications, “by function of expense” and nature expense”, for the statement profit loss other comprehensive income period (from now on, also identified in short as “Income Statement”, or “IS”). XBRL standards ensure compliance consisten...

Using long-standing models for expected returns of US equities, we show that firm environmental ratings interact with those forecasted and produce excess both unconditionally conditionally. Well-known factor subsume neither environmental-related return differentials nor premia from scores models. In addition, combining information inputs—expected economic, social, governance (ESG) information—m...

Enzymatically synthesized glycogen (ESG) has high solubility and its solution has low osmotic pressure. Therefore ESG solution could be rapidly absorbed and could be adequate for water rehydration and carbohydrate supplementation during exercise. The object of this study was to evaluate the gastric emptying time and plasma glucose elevation after an administration of ESG solution in comparison ...

This paper investigates the role of countries' environmental, social and governance (ESG) performance in sovereign CDS markets. Based on data for 60 countries from 2007 to 2017, we find that with superior ESG show (i) lower credit default swap (CDS) spreads (ii) flatter implied curves. implies a risk mitigation effect which is even more pronounced long term than short term. These results remain...

We investigate the impact of companies’ sustainability efforts on their corporate financial performance (CFP) and credit ratings in Japan, based a new proxy for social responsibility (CSR)—Sustainalytics’ quantitative Environment, Social Governance (ESG) ratings. find weak evidence negative ESG scores (on an aggregated basis disaggregated basis) several accounting measures CFP. Our quantile reg...