OBJECTIVES This study examined the changes in hydraulic conductance and ultrastructure of dentine bonded with simplified etch-and-rinse adhesives to oxalate desensitiser pre-treated acid-etched dentine. METHODS Human dentine disks were acid-etched, treated with an oxalate desensitiser (BisBlock, Bisco), and bonded with One-Step (OS), Single Bond (SB), OptiBond Solo Plus (OB) or Prime and Bond...

Purpose: The aim of the study was to evaluate micro-tensile bond strength and the conditioning patterns of a self-etching primer bonding system to un-etched (with extended priming) and etched ground fluorosed enamel. Materials and Methods: Extracted premolars were classified according to severity of fluorosis using Thylstrup and Fejerskov index (TFI: 0, normal; 1-3, mild fluorosis; and 4-6, mod...

We present a novel individually addressable diode laser array that uses angle-etched facets. By arranging the lasers in a fan-like structure, all lasers emit in different directions from a common effective aperture. Using this device design, we demonstrate lasers with beam directions that are fixed and distinct, stable, single mode, and capable of simultaneous and random access operation. We an...

Alpha-particle radiobiological experiments involve irradiating cells with alpha particles and require thin biocompatible materials which can record alpha-particle traversals as substrates for cell cultures. The biocompatibilities of chemically etched CR-39 solid-state nuclear track detectors (SSNTDs) using aqueous NaOH or NaOH/ehtanol are studied through the abundance and morphology of the cult...

XC72 carbon blacks were treated using a steam-etching technique. Pt catalysts using steam-etched carbon blacks (SECBs) as supports were developed for oxygen reduction reactions in polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs). The use of the steam-etched carbon blacks as a catalyst support can improve the dispersion uniformity of Pt nanoparticles on the surface of the support and can decrease the Pt p...

PURPOSE Current literature has revealed that surface etching of endosseous implants can improve bone-implant contact. The aim of this study was to evaluate the differences in bone-implant contact (BIC) between sandblasted/acid-etched and machined-surface implants. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-two Sprague-Dawley rats were used in this study. Two implant surfaces, Ecotek (sandblasted/ acid-etch...

In the present paper, we propose a method to fabricate a ‘‘micro-collimator’’ with a thickness of 15mm. A commercially available PADC film with a thickness of 100mm was first chemically etched with NaOH/ethanol solution to obtain a thin PADC film. This thin PADC film was then irradiated by 5MeV a particles through a ‘‘macro-collimator’’ with a thickness of 5mm and a hole diameter of 1mm. This P...

We introduce a simple and practical method to create ultrashort intense optical vortices for applications involving high-intensity lasers. Our method utilizes femtosecond laser pulses to laser etch grating lines into laser-quality gold mirrors. These grating lines holographically encode an optical vortex. We derive mathematical equations for each individual grating line to be etched, for any de...

A cost effectively method to fabricate nanopores in silicon by only using the conventional wet-etching technique is developed in this research. The main concept of the proposed method is a two-step etching process, including a premier double-sided wet etching and a succeeding track-etching. A special fixture is designed to hold the pre-etched silicon wafer inside it such that the track-etching ...

An atomic force microscope ~AFM! with an ultrasharp tip was used to directly measure the sidewall profile of InP/InGaAsP waveguide structures etched using an inductively coupled plasma reactive ion etching ~ICP-RIE! in Cl2-based plasma. A special staircase pattern was devised to allow AFM tip to access the etched sidewall of the waveguides in the normal direction. Statistical information such a...