conclusions we concluded from the results that the frequency of emb-resistant m. tuberculosis cases in iran is lower than that of many other regions. the pcr-sscp technique can separate resistant isolates from sensitive isolates. the sequencing results of this study showed mutation in codons 309 and 299 of the embb gene. in none of the resistant isolates, mutation was observed in codon 306. fur...

Purpose. To highlight the importance of using the Farnsworth Panel D-15 Hue test in colour vision testing in patients on ethambutol treatment. Case Report. A 70 year-old lady received ethambutol as part of her anti-tuberculous regime. She developed blue-yellow colour defect detectable with the Farnsworth Panel D-15 Hue test, but not with the Isihara Pseudoisochromatic Plates. Ethambutol was imm...

OBJECTIVES Mechanisms of resistance to ethambutol in Mycobacterium tuberculosis remain inadequately described. Although there is mounting evidence that mutations of codon 306 in embB play a key role, a significant number of phenotypically ethambutol-resistant strains do not carry mutations in this codon. Here, other mutations in the embCAB operon are suggested to be involved in resistance devel...

Wavelength discrimination in goldfish was measured behaviourally. Both acute application of ethambutol injected into the eye and chronic application by feeding the animals daily 25 mg ethambutol for 1 month had the same effect on wavelength discrimination in the range of 560-640 nm. This means that: (1) electrophysiological experiments, in which drug application is primarily acute, reflect the ...

INTRODUCTION Ethambutol is used in the treatment of tuberculosis, which is still prevalent in Southeast Asia, and can be associated with permanent visual loss. We report 3 cases which presented with bitemporal hemianopia. CLINICAL PICTURE Three patients with ethambutol-associated toxic optic neuropathy are described. All 3 patients had loss of central visual acuity, colour vision (Ishihara) a...

Studies were designed to characterize ethambutol uptake by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (H37Ra) and to relate uptake to the time-dependent, concentration-independent nature of growth inhibition by ethambutol. When cells grown aerated at 37 C in Sauton medium were exposed for 7 hr to 0.2, 0.5, 1.0, 2.5, and 5.0 mug of (14)C-ethambutol per ml, uptake increased with time and was a linear function of...

Literature data relevant to the decision to allow a waiver of in vivo bioequivalence (BE) testing for the approval of immediate release (IR) solid oral dosage forms containing ethambutol dihydrochloride as the only active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) are reviewed. Ethambutol dihydrochloride is a Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS) Class III drug with permeability properties approach...